In What Respects is Twicknam Garden a Metaphysical Poem?

a) In What Respects is Twicknam Garden a Metaphysical Poem? b) How Does Donne Use Imagery Related to Nature? c) Comment on Donne's Different Attitudes to Love in One or Two Other Poems a) The term metaphysical poetry was first used to group Donne's poetry, and the poetry of his contemporaries, together because of their similar characteristics. Metaphysical poetry seeks to communicate difficult ideas as concisely as possible to the reader. Donne's poem â€Å"Twicknam Garden† can be regarded as metaphysical poetry because it contains many difficult ideas expressed concisely. For example the lines â€Å"The spider love, which transubstantiates all, and can convert manna to gall† compares love to a spider, which were thought at the time of Donne's writing to be poisonous. The lexeme â€Å"transubstantiates† refers to the change from bread and wine to the blood and body of Christ. Manna simply means soul or spirit and gall, anger. Translated into modern English, the lines mean that love, poisonous like a spider, changes something positive and spiritual into something negative and bitter. The religious reference simply elevates the poem, giving it deeper meaning. Such a complex idea expressed in few lines is typical of metaphysical poetry. Metaphysical poetry is also characterised by a line of argument being pursued throughout the poem. This is exemplified in â€Å"Twicknam Garden† as Donne maintains that love is painful throughout the poem. In the opening lines, he describes the painful effects of love â€Å"Blasted with sighs, and surrounded with tears†. The lines in the middle of the poem â€Å"let me some senseless piece of this place be† express that love is so painful for Donne that he would rather be an emotionless object than feel his pain. The final lines in the poem also express the pain Donne feels because of his unrequited love: â€Å"who's therefore true because her truth kills me† refers to the fact that fidelity of a woman to a lover other than him, is painful and metaphorically â€Å"kills† Donne. Donne's line of reasoning can be observed throughout the poem and is a standard characteristic of metaphysical poetry. Donne's use of rhythm in â€Å"Twicknam Garden† is also a classic feature of metaphysical poetry. The poem has consistent rhythm and rhyme scheme â€Å"And that this place may thoroughly be thought/ True paradise I have the serpent brought†, and also ellipsis, for example the archaic contracted form â€Å"‘Twere†, another common feature of metaphysical poetry. Metaphysical poetry also contains many allusions to make the poetry demanding for readers. One such example in â€Å"Twicknam Garden† is the reference to the Garden of Gethsemane in the lines â€Å"These trees to laugh, and mock me to my face†. Donne compares Twicknam Garden to the Garden of Gethsemane where Jesus was mocked by soldiers arresting him, in a similar way that the trees mock Donne's pain at being afflicted by unrequited love. Such a comparison is rather tenuous and stretches metaphor to its limit. Conceits such as this however, are commonplace in metaphysical poetry The theme of unrequited love around which the poem centres is a common theme for metaphysical poets and Donne explores this theme thoroughly in â€Å"Twicknam Garden†. Donne describes love as a â€Å"spider†, meaning poisonous, and as a â€Å"serpent† because like the serpent in the Garden of Eden, the pain of unrequited love spoils the perfection of Twicknam Garden. Donne also describes the effects of unrequited love thoroughly: â€Å"weeping†, â€Å"kills me† â€Å"surrounded with tears†. This typical imagery for love poems is unusual for Donne but commonly found in metaphysical poetry. b) As the setting for the poem is a garden, there is plenty of natural imagery to be found in Donne's â€Å"Twicknam Garden†. Donne begins by stating the purpose for which he came to the garden, to cure his pain of unrequited love. Donne uses a metaphor comparing nature to a healing balm â€Å"Hither I come to seek the spring, and at mine eyes, and at mine ears, receive such balms as else cure everything.† Donne maintains that the balming effects that should be brought on by the natural beauty in the garden, are spoilt because he has brought with him the poisonous â€Å"spider love†. Donne uses a paradox in that, the natural beauty that was supposed to soothe his pain, makes it worse because it contrasts with his misery. Donne complains that the natural beauty of the garden mocks him. He wishes for night to come so that he may not be able to see the beauty of nature. Donne also wishes that winter would come to freeze the trees which laugh at him and which cause him so much pain â€Å"‘Twere wholesomer for me, that winter did benight the glory of this place, and that the grave frost did forbid these trees to laugh, and mock me to my face†. Donne then uses natural imagery in response to this: â€Å"Make me a mandrake, so I may groan here, or a stone fountain weeping out the year†. At the time of Donne's writing, mandrake roots were believed to have human properties and scream when lifted out of the ground. Donne asks to be made into a mandrake root so that he may â€Å"groan† like a mandrake at his unrequited love. He then asks to be made a fountain, to that he may weeps tears, like a water fountain, at his unrequited love. Donne asks to be made part of the garden in order to be without feeling â€Å"some senseless piece of this place be†. Donne also uses natural images at the beginning of the poem to create an abrupt opening. â€Å"Blasted with sighs, and surrounded with tears† carry connotations of the elements wind and water, because surrounded in this context means flooded. Donne uses natural imagery in order to demonstrate to the reader his pain in being a spurned lover. The main ideas behind the poem is that he is in so much emotional pain that even the natural beauty of Twicknam Garden cannot console him. c) â€Å"Love's Alchymie† has a wholly negative attitude towards love as it is a poem that brings together several negative emotions pain, disillusionment and anger. The opening image is a crude sexual reference, also demonstrated in the alliteration used, which creates a harsh tone â€Å"Some that have deeper digg'd loves Myne that I†. Women in the poem are perceived as receptacles â€Å"deeper digg'd†, â€Å"lov'd and got† which is onomatopoeic because the sexual image combined with the violent sounding alliteration is gives the impression of an assault on the woman. The perception of women as receptacles is also reinforced by Donne's imperative â€Å"Hope not for mind in women; at their best sweetness and wit, they are but Mummy posses't .† The lexeme â€Å"Mummy† means simply pieces of dead flesh but â€Å"posses't† has two meanings; sexual possession and the possession of women by evil spirits. Donne suggests that when a woman appears sweet and clever, it is in fact the appearance given by an evil spirit that has possessed her, giving the appearance of life to a dead flesh. The idyllic concept of love in paradoxically contrasted with Donne's idea of the reality of love â€Å"So lovers dream a rich and long delight, but get a winter seeming summer's night.† In these lines Donne argues that love is as cold and barren as a winter's night instead of the beautiful ideal that they wish for. It is an epigrammatic couplet, which summarises the theme of the entire poem, that love is essentially a cheat. Contrasts between the popular idea of love and the reality are also reflected in Donne's musical image â€Å"In that dayes rude hoarse minstralsey, the spheares†. The day referred to is the wedding day, which for Donne is a humiliation as he describes it as â€Å"short scorn of a Bridegroomes play†. The image of music means that the unpleasant sound of wedding music, is perceived by a lover as being heavenly music, as it was thought by Elizabethans that the â€Å"spheares†, stars, played divine music to wonderful for people to hear. The idea that love is an illusion is reiterated all through the poem as he compares a lover to an alchemist, â€Å"no chymiqe yet th'Elixar got†, because just as no alchemist found the elixir of life, the would-be lover will never find love, as all lovers do, is to turn base lust into love, just as alchemists try to turn base metal into gold, â€Å"but glorifies his pregnant pot†. The image of the alchemist is also used to show that lovers may find lust during their quest for love and be encouraged by it, just as alchemists were encouraged by discovering something which smelled sweet or had medicinal properties â€Å"if by way to him befall some odoriferous thing, or medicenall.† Donne uses a rhetorical question in order to challenge the belief of the reality of love â€Å"Our ease, our honour and our day, shall we for this vaine Bubles shadow pay†. The â€Å"vaine Buble† is love, which is described as a shadow because it is it is feeble and false. The second rhetorical question challenges the idea that love is special â€Å"Ends love in this, that my man, can be as happy as I can; if he can endure the short scorne of a Bridegroomes play?† Donne's argument is that if he, and his servant, can both experience so-called love and get married, then there can be nothing special about love as it is commonplace. The poem that differs in attitude most clearly from â€Å"Love's Alchymie† is â€Å"The Good Morrow†. It is entirely different in that it is celebration of the reality of love. It is an aubade and is although there is no dialogue from Donne's lover in the poem, there is no doubt of her presence because of the frequent use of personal pronouns â€Å"we† and references to shared experiences. The tone of the poem is joyful and teasing, established by references to immature sexual experiences â€Å"suck'd on countrey pleasures childishly†. These highlight that the lovers have moved from juvenile pleasures to real, mature love. This idea is demonstrated in the archaic cultural reference to the legend of the seven Christian boys, who were walled up in a cave to escape persecution, only to awaken to find Christianity the established religion â€Å"Or snorted we in the seven sleepers den?†. Donne's analogy is to show that the lovers have awakened, like the boys, literally, but also spiritually. The literal awakening symbolises the awakening of their souls to love so that it is a â€Å"good morrow† for the lovers in every possible way: â€Å"And now good morrow to our waking soules.† Donne acknowledges that both he, and his lover, have a past but it affectionately dismissive by using language to create a connotation of clumsiness â€Å"snorted†, â€Å"If any beauty it did see, which I desir'd, and got, t'was but a dream of thee†. The sexual image is dismissed as Donne makes clear that his lover is superior to any of the other women he has known. The passion Donne has for his lover is also reflected in his declaration that all he needs is her. He rejects the outside world's importance because for him, his lover is all that is important. â€Å"Let sea-discoverers to new worlds have gone, let Maps to other, worlds on worlds have showne, let us possesse one world, each hath one, and is one.† At the time Donne was living, new continents were being discovered and charted. In this phrase, Donne sets aside all of this because â€Å"For love, all love of other sights controules†, true love removes the desire to see other people and places, their world is now their bedroom â€Å"And makes one little room, an everywhere†. The lovers' world is now each other, and the exploration of their love is as important to them as the exploration of the New World is to travellers. The lexical repetition of â€Å"world† demonstrates how important this idea is for Donne and the repetition of the imperative â€Å"Let† reveals his fervour. The metaphor, and rhetorical, question â€Å"My face in thine eye, thine in mine appeares, and true plaine hearts doe in the faces rest, where can we find two better hemispheares without sharpe North, without declining West?† means that Donne's lover's eye reflecting him, and his eyes reflecting her, suggest that they are like the two hemispheres but without the coldness of the North, or the Western sunset which declines into darkness. The concluding lines also emphasise the strength of their love â€Å"What ever dyes was not mixed equally; if our two loves be one, or, thou and I love so alike, that none doe slacken, none can die† refers to the Elizabethan belief that death and decay come from the lack of perfect balance of elements. Donne's final point is that their love will be everlasting because it is perfectly matched and balanced in each other, since their love is reciprocated, it is immortal. The two poems are completely different in that â€Å"Love's Alchymie† denies the existence of love because it is simply glorified lust, â€Å"Oh, 'tis imposture all†, whereas â€Å"The Good Morrow† stresses of difference between lust and love â€Å"If any beauty it did see, which I desir'd, and got, t'was but a dream of thee†. Both recognise the potential pain behind love â€Å"So lovers dream a rich and long delight, but get a winter seeming summer's night† (Love's Alchymie), â€Å"watch not one another out of feare† (The Good Morrow), however â€Å"The Good Morrow† praises love whereas â€Å"Love's Alchymie† condemns it as an illusion.

BDNS utility Essay

Till now, to run BUSY Client-Server model on Internet, you need to obtain a static IP on the Server. But with the coming of the BDNS utility, there is no need to obtain a static IP. By running BDNS utility on both Server and Client machines, you can easily connect both the machines and can work as you work in Client Server model of BUSY on Internet. BDNS utility works as a mediator to connect the Server and Client machines. On the Server machine, you need to specify a name for your Server and name of Client machines that can connect to the Server with a password with each Client to validate the Client machines. Similarly on the Client machine, you need to specify name of the Client and name of Servers to which you want to connect and the password to connect to the Server. This password will be the same as specified with the Client name on Server machine. For example, on the Server machine, you have specified Server name as GRTraders@mail.com@bdns, Client name as GRTClient1 and password as abcd. In this case the Client machine can connect to the Server by specifying the Server name as GRTraders@mail.com@bdns, Client name as GRTClient1 and password as abcd. Working of BDNS Utility BDNS utility works in a peer to peer model. In this model, both the Server and Client machines are connected through a public Server which acts as a mediator. Both the Server and the Client machines send their request to the mediator by giving their own name and the Server and Clients they are searching for along with a valid password. When the mediator finds a similar combination of Server and Client machines along with password which are searching for each other, it then does handshake of both the machines. Handshake here specifies that both the machines are now connected with each other. Given here is a pictorial representation of working of BUSY DDNS utility. BDNS utility connects Server and Client machine through a public Server or Mediator hence there are simultaneously many Servers and Clients that want to connect to each other. This increases the possibility that there are more than one Server and Client machines with similar names that want to get connected. For this purpose, we recommend that you give a unique name to your Server machine. Selecting Server and Client Names Although there is no validation for Server and Client names and you can give any name of your choice but it is strongly recommended that you give unique name to them. This should be done to avoid cross connection with other people Server. Do not give generic name such as Server or Server1 to your Server machine as it is possible that other people using the same utility can give this name to their Server machine also. It will only lead to cross connection between the Servers. For example, one of your Client machine is trying to connect to the Server machine and your Server machine is switched off at that time. A computer with similar Server name is connected at that time. In this case the Client machine will try to connect to that Server but as the password will not match it will give an error message that password is incorrect. In this case, the Client can get confused as it has given the right password and is still not able to connect to the Server. This is because it is trying to connect to a different Server which is having the same name. Hence to avoid such type of confusions, you must give unique name to your Server. To make your Server name unique, you can give your Email ID as your Server name as Email ID is always unique or you can give your firm’s or company’s name to the Server. For example, your Email ID is GRTraders@mail.com then you can give Server name as GRTraders@mail.com@bdns. The Server name must always end with ‘@bdns’.

Crime and Dye Lab Essay

Light is usually viewed as a result of the heating of a substance. The higher the temperature at which the substance is heated, the greater the vibrations that lead to certain light intensity given off by the molecule. It is this same theory that suggests why steel glows red hot when heated to high enough temperatures. The process of light emissions can also be induces through other means. 1 One of such means termed fluorescence occurs when a substance can be induced into giving off light is through absorption of a photon through light or other means of radiations. During this process, electrons are excited from their standard state. The electrons jump from their highest unoccupied orbital (HUMO) into a certain level of the unoccupied orbital (LUMO). As the electrons loose energy, they fall back to a lower orbital, thus emitting light. 1, 2 During the process leading to fluorescence, a certain change could occur during the excitation of the electron, changing the spin of the electron as it gets excited. This change has to be undone as the electron goes back to its standard state. The emitting of light in this process is known as phosphorescence. The process of fluorescence is much faster than phosphorescence. This is due to the fact that in phosphorescence, the electron has to undergo an extra step of undoing its current spin. This process is thermodynamically unfavorable compared to fluorescence. 1, 2 The last means by which light could be generated is through chemiluminescence. In such a case a chemical reaction occurs, causing an excitation of the product. As this product decays into its standard state, light is emitted. This form of luminescent is different from the previous two in the sense that no absorption of light is required to induce the glow. The glow results from the product of the chemical reaction having to be in an exited state or of higher energy. 1 The process of photon absorption and emission is certain a phenomenon that plays a vital role in our society. Such importance is expressed during rescue operations, where victims can be easily found due to waving of a fluorescent material at night. It is evident that fluorescence becomes important when a thermally induced light emission is deemed impossible. 1, 2 Separation techniques were concepts that were important in the course of this experiment. One of such is through the means of UV Vis Spectrophotometer. The constituents of ink dyes can be determined using a spectrophotometer. By placing the dyes in the spec, various wavelength peaks will be obtained. These peaks can be used to find out the constituent colors making up the dye. Another important form of separation used during this experiment is chromatography. Chromatography utilizes the differences in polarity of substances as means of separation. Such is the case of a crime lab involving the finding of a pen used in writing on a piece of paper. If a pen out of four is used to write a note, the particular pen can be detected using chromatography. The dyes of all four inks and the unknown ink can be obtained. This ink can be run through a chromatograph column, allowing a solvent to run above the ink dyes, carrying them along. After a certain point the RF values of all the inks can be used to detect the particular ink. The RF value is the distance the ink travels divided by the distance travelled by the solvent. The ink with the same RF value as the unknown is the same ink used. Chromatography has a wide range of use. It use can be stretched from this as it can also be used to indicate the component amino acids found in various proteins. The protein can be run through the column, resulting in the various amino acids that make the protein, to be separated. 1, 2 Materials and Methods (Summarized from Lab Manual) 1 Procedure * Phosphorescence Two different polyaromatic acids, 1- naphthoic acid and 4-biphenylcarboxylic acid, were obtained and drops were added unto two filter paper. The solvents heated to dryness for 11 minutes using a hot plate on low heat. The filter papers were then placed under long and short wavelength ultraviolet lamps. Observation of the intensity and duration of glow were recorded. * Fluorescence Tonic water was poured into a beaker. Long and short wavelength UV lamp was shined above the beaker. Observations were recorded. Now, a beaker of water was taking to the UV lamp and was shined at the beaker. Observations were recorded. After, 3 drops of concentrated fluorescein solution was added into the beaker. The UV lamp was shined above the beaker and observations were recorded. * Chemiluminescence 2 mL of Tekrakis-(dimethylaminoethylene) was added into a small test tube. This test tube was taken to the UV lamp and shined at. Observations about the intensity and duration of glow were recorded. After, 1 mL of luminol in DMSO was added into five test tubes. Now, in each test tube fluorescein, rhodamine, rubrene and perylene solutions were added in 4 four of the five test tubes. Observation of the color of each solution was recorded. At this point, 1M NaOH was added into each test tube and was then shined with a UV lamp. Further observations were recorded. Finally 1 g of Al2O3 was added into four 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask. This was mixed with 1 mL of 3% H2O2. In each flask, perylene, tetracene (2,3-benanthracene), 9,10-Dipehenylanthracene, and rubrene were added respectively. Now, 1 mL of oxalic chloride was added in each flask and swirled. Observations were then recorded. * Crime Lab A water bath was heated and maintained at 650C. Now, scribbles were made on papers from each of the four pens. The paper with each scribble was cut into small pieces and placed into a marked test tube. Also, a scribble of an unknown pen was obtained. The paper was also cut into small pieces and placed in a test tube. 2 mL of methanol was added into each test tube and was placed in the hot bath for 5 minutes. The test tubes were allowed to cool, the color of the inks were recorded and poured into five cuvettes. Using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer, the wavelength peaks and absorbance of each ink solution were recorded. Four of the five dyes were then poured into new marked test tubes. The solutions were then boiled for 14 minutes until the there were less than 1 mL. The solutions were allowed to cool. Now, a 250 mL beaker was obtained. In it was added a small amount of methanol (less than half a centimeter in height). A filter paper was then obtained and cut towards the end (B.1). This was placed at the side of the beaker. Finally, an alumna plate was cut in the dimension of 8 x 4 cm. A line was drawn at a 1 cm height using a pencil. In this line, drops of the four inks were spotted. This plate was then leaned inside the end of the beaker (B.2). The plate was left in the solvent until it reached  ¾ of the way up. The height the inks and solvent reached up the plate was recorded.

CVS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

CVS - Essay Example As competitors, the two companies monitor the moves of each other thereby ensuring that they change their marketing strategies accordingly. CVS Pharmacy’s products are cheaper than the drugs at Walgreen. The difference in the prices arises from the uniqueness of the markets the two pharmacies target. Drugs at CSV are averagely $1 cheaper than at Walgreen. Walgreen targets the wealthy while CVS targets the middle class a feature that justifies the differences in pricing. The two pharmacies advertise their products and services in different media depending on the cost implications of such besides their effectiveness in reaching the target audience. Such media include billboards, radio, television and newspaper among many others. Additionally, the pharmacies enjoy strategic locations in the cities, a feature that portrays the entrepreneurs’ consideration of place as a fundamental element of the marketing mix. Social media is yet another marketing platform that the two pharmacies use differently in growing their market shares. â€Å"Such different platforms as Facebook and Twitter offer marketers with unique platforms for interactions as both parties share information by posting on the walls of each other.† (Palmer 53). The two pharmacies use the sites differently owing to their unique structures and organizational cultures. CVs pharmacy has numerous Facebook pages and groups in which the company’s marketers interact with their target audiences through posts and comments thereby sharing ideas on the performance of the pharmacy in the market. Besides Facebook, the company has several Twitter accounts, which serves a similar purpose. Walgreen has similar platforms in which it communicates with its target audience while carrying out equally effective marketing researches. CVS Pharmacy for example introduced online shopping owing to the advent of

Plagiarism in Universities in English Speaking Countries Essay

Plagiarism in Universities in English Speaking Countries - Essay Example The rise of plagiarism and its negative impact on the educational sector in these country has raised eye brows and is a major concern on how it can be eliminated or though its causes can be addressed. Because of these researches have been conducted in order to establish the main causes of plagiarism by different authors. According to (Guo Xin 2011) poor academic skills is one of the main causes of plagiarism in most universities. This is because students are not able to distinguish between what article has been paraphrased this way they end up plagiarizing. Due to lack of good academic skills most scholars do not understand why cheating is wrong and can become as a result of plagiarizing. They also lack enough knowledge on how to use in texts and how to phrase the sources .Another factor associated with poor academic skills is that the scholars are unable to plan their time and schedule enough time to do research and also to write their academic papers and articles. Finally in poor a cademic skills ,most students in the English speaking countries are not well trained on writing skills and they have problem of not considering in term academic continuous assessment tests such as writing thesis ,doing assignments and also presentations. They are more focused on the end of term exams. In order to solve this problem Daniel luzer 2011, suggested that teachers should explain to their students how to differentiate between plagiarized articles, the teachers should also promote good academic skills among the students that will ensure that the students understand the importance of doing their work and presenting assignments. The teachers should also teach the students of good time management skills so that they can have time to research and do their own individual works. According to Bam ford et.al.(2005),the other factor that causes plagiarism is external pressures. This pressures include the fact that students lack enough resources like money to help them study and facil itate their stay in the learning institutions and also help live better lives at home. Hence, they are forced to plagiarize since it takes less time and take the extra time to work and get money .Secondly most scholars fear the punishment and rejection they would get from their family members and especially parents if they fail t o score well in school. Thirdly, about 60 percent of students experience pressure from the parents and relatives on the fact that they should perform well in school as a means of making the both parties proud. Good performance is viewed as a great necessity among most families. Lastly, most students plagiarize in order to ensure they remain at par with the good performers in the school or learning institution. According to carolla, (2000),the solution to these problem is to make sure that all students are availed with all the resources that they need to facilitate their learning both at home and also in their schools. The other solution is to ensure that pa rents are made to accept the results of their children and motivate them to work harder and improve their grades next time. The family plays a very crucial role in embracing and promoting honesty and hard work among the students. Finally (chester 2001) suggests that students should be made to understand that all cannot lead in performance squares due to the differences in capabilities and their potentials too. According to devlin (2007),the other major

Acceleration - Mass over a pulley Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Acceleration - Mass over a pulley - Lab Report Example Newton’s second law motion, which one of these essential laws, can be stated mathematically as: F=ma (Shukla). This means that acceleration (a) of a moving object is directly proportional to applied force (F) and inversely proportional to the mass of the body (m) (Shukla). This acceleration is parallel and is in the direction of the net applied force. This experiment investigated Newton’s Second Law of Motion. i. This equation shows that provided that the mass of the body is constant, acceleration (a) of the body is directly proportional to the force applied (F). For Newton’s low to be valid the acceleration must take place in the direction of force, and must be parallel to it (Shipman). It is normally not easy to measure acceleration directly in experiments; therefore, an indirect method is used. In this case travel distances (x) and travel times (t) may be used. These times and distances can be used to calculate acceleration directly, or velocities (initial and final velocities) may be first calculated (Shipman). The velocities may finally be used to calculate acceleration. Therefore, For test 1, the experiment was set up as shown in the diagram above, but without the photogates. The direction of motion of the body M was noted. For both test 2 and test 3 photogates were installed, and were used to measure time taken (t) to travel the distance x. For test 2, the mass of the object (M) was kept constant while the suspended mass (F) varied using five different masses (50g, 75g, 100g, 125g, and 150g). For each suspended mass (F), the procedure was repeated for five different distances (20cm, 30cm, 40cm, 50cm and 60cm). Time taken to travel each distance xi for each mass was noted and recorded in the worksheet. For test 3, the suspended mass (F) was kept constant (75g) while the mass of the body (M) was varied; masses 500g, 750g, 1000g, 1250g and 1575g were used. For each mass, the procedure was repeated for five different

Week 5 LT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week 5 LT - Essay Example succeeded have always made the appropriate choices on the particular metrics to use, and ensuring that they are updated on a regular basis in ensuring that they are up to the task in their performances (Goetsch and Davis, 2012). Ideally, by the formations of partnerships and other similar associations, companies can hasten product development as well as a fastened marketing, which otherwise would take long periods to achieve. Alliances never create value automatically; however, achievement of success requires the development of performance measures dealings without a full-blown acquisition, thereby requiring the use of metrics for development and implementation of successful alliances (Goetsch and Davis, 2012). Development of metrics for quantification of benefits generated by a company is tedious; therefore, requiring a balanced scorecard, which measures the overall quality of the working relationship, the strategic value and the operational effectiveness together with the financial performance (Goetsch and Davis, 2012). Ideally, a balanced scorecard shows precise appropriateness in the measurement of a number of aspects, contrary to metrics in that overreliance on financial metrics is a shortsighted development, such as an example of establishing an underperforming alliance for the sake of remaining relevant in a competitive

Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 27

Case Study - Essay Example There are several reasons as to why I would like to be a Hong Kong police officer. My reasons are based on the motivation practices that the Hong Kong police officers are given, and they include: The Hong Kong police officers are treated with respect and dignity and the same time their hard work appreciated. The Hong Kong police force offers motivational practices like awards and honors thus making the occupation interesting. I enjoy competition, thus they feel that the competition set in the Hong Kong police force is appealing. The Hong Kong police officers’ talents are developed, and their performance managed. It is, therefore, more professional compared to other regions of the world. The Hong Kong police are taken through a competitive training making it of quality as the police officers strive to excel. I am attracted to the Hong Kong police since it bases its course on the â€Å"excellent performance† (Traver 55). The system in Hong Kong is contrary to other places whereby the focus is made on the quantity as opposed to the quality of police officers. The Hong Kong police awarding system promote healthy competition among the recruits and the same time help in determining the best. The system shows that there is some order in the Hong Kong police system. The Hong Kong police force also does not focus on punishment, but rather the use of awards to motivate. The Hong Kong police force is, therefore, friendlier through the introduction of motivation tools instead of punishments. It also gives one an opportunity to further his or her studies thus more fare to academicians like me. There are several examples from the case study that a theory of motivation can be applied. Firstly, the police force awards the graduate with the highest scores with the â€Å"Commissioner of Police’s Certificate of Academic Merit† (Traver 55). Secondly, police force awards the â€Å"best all- round probationary inspector† with the ‘Batton of Honor’, a ‘Silver

Cuban Missile Crisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Cuban Missile Crisis - Essay Example The first team of negotiations comprised of Moscow while the second side comprised of a prominent team of high ranging advisors, with the inclusion of â€Å"the exclusive committee of the national security council†. Though his advisers took part in the discussions or negotiations, it was only the trusted ones that were updated on vital missile concessions.This information was kept a secret from the public, in order to fuel fast resolution of the Cuban missile crisis, president J.F. Kennedy usually engaged in talks with two parties or sides in purse of a quick and lasting solution. The first team of negotiations comprised of Moscow while the second side comprised of a prominent team of high ranging advisors, with the inclusion of â€Å"the exclusive committee of the national security council†. Though his advisers took part in the discussions or negotiations, it was only the trusted ones that were updated on vital missile concessions. The executive committee almost put a dent on the diplomatic solution towards finding a solution to the Cuban missile crisis, their attempt ranged from cold strikes to forming blockages, despite of all these the president was still willing to fight for the resolution. Kennedy went a step further and authorized the secretary of state D. Rusk to publicly make an announcement during the United Nations meeting; this was meant to be if the secret agreement was not to be honored by the soviets but Kennedy was quickly relieved after Moscow accepted to honor the deal and keep it as a top secret.

Linux Init Processes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Linux Init Processes - Essay Example These processes offer a common language that allows the computer to work together with the installed software and hardware. The following report focuses on the Init process, a process that runs in the Linux operating system (Goodwin). The report analyzes the report in detail, its running level and configuration. Introduction to Linux Developed in 1991 by Linus Torvalds, Linux is an open source operating system developed under the GNU General Public License (Firewall.cx Newsletter). This operating system also goes under the name GNU/Linux as its main supporting user space libraries and system tools originated from the GNU project. Its defining component is the Linux Kernel which has set a platform for the establishment of numerous operating systems released on the basis of this platform. It was initially developed for Intel x86 systems. Since then, it has undergone major transformations and has now been ported to more hardware platforms. Its popularity has also increased over time, an d it is now the operating system of choice among servers, mainframe computers and supercomputers (Firewall.cx Newsletter). Commercial applications under the Linux platforms have also experienced immense growth over the past few years. Linux has also made significant contributions to the mobile handset market where it is incorporated into embedded systems. For instance, it is the operating system of choice in some video game consoles, network routers and most importantly, the android system whose use has increased significantly among mobile handset users. Linux Source Code As stated earlier, Linux is developed on the free and open source software platform (About.com). This means that anyone can use, modify and distribute its source code under certain licenses. By definition, source code refers to the programming language statements designed to facilitate the operations of the computer. Linux Init Processes. Linux Init Processes refers to final process in the booting process. It initi alises all programs as defined in the file /etc/inittab. The file usually contains several instances of â€Å"Getty† which become started by the Init process. The instances of Getty then start the shell processes. Basically, Init has control over numerous independent processes needed by the system. Init gets everything run properly after the kernel has started running fully (Linux.die.net). It creates and runs the user space which involves looking for and installing file systems, starting essential user services and also switching to a user environment after the system start up becomes complete. This step does everything that the system needs done at the system initialisation. At the system initialisation, processes such as setting the clock and initialisation of serial ports become accomplished. Init continues reading from the â€Å"/etc/inittab† which describes the set up of the system at each run level. The procedure through which the Init process goes through can b e summarised as follows: Reading the â€Å"/etc/inittab† initialisation file - Init reads a configuration script which sets up a path, swaps and checks the file systems (Garrels). This step takes care of several things such as setting up the clock and initialisation of serial ports. Init continues r

How Diversity of Faith is Effectively Used in Nursing Care Essay Example for Free

How Diversity of Faith is Effectively Used in Nursing Care Essay Even though medical healing is mainly based upon scientific beliefs, one cannot discount the effect of religious beliefs in the healing of a patient. For many people with a strong religious conviction, the simple belief in the power of prayer is enough to create signs of healing even in the most critical of patients. Even though the effects of prayer are undocumented, there is a growing belief among many that faith plays a significant role in healing a patient when science has given him up for dead. In the medical field, nurses are slowly realizing that a diversity of faith among their patients has them in a bind. Not all nurses are religious, nor do they share the same religious traditions as the patient. In such instances, it is up to the nurse to find a middle ground where they can honor the religious beliefs of individual patients without losing sight of their own religion. Nursing is a highly technical occupation. This is why even though nurses realize that each patient has a spiritual need, the nurse may not always be trained to respond to it. So this job is usually relegated to the hospitals pastoral care workers even though nurses would be better placed to deliver such patient needs. It is not for a nurse to question the religious beliefs of her patients, but it is her job to insure that these beliefs are fully utilized in the process of helping a patient to heal both physically, mentally, and spiritually. Unfortunately, the nursing shortage in the country does not leave the nurses with much to connect on a personal basis with their patients. Patient care and comfort are forgone in lieu of time management and getting the job done. Though nurses have traditionally been viewed as both medical and spiritual healers because of the personal connection they have with their wards, the lack of time and instruction as to how to combine patient care and religion are sending our nurses off the original objectives of why they became nurses. Roberta Bube, RN, PHN currently works part time as nurse at the Marion Medical Center in Santa Maria, Calif. According to her interview in Nurseweek for the article You Gotta Have Fait, she realized that You have to address mind, body and spirit, I always found time to do it [in a hospital]. I did have to be cautious. Id have to do it quietly. Everybodys beliefs are different. So, how can a nurse integrate the religious aspect and its various differences in their daily dealings with their individual patients? Firstly, a nurse can typically start by incorporating the patients religious belief into her basic daily care routine for the patient. At the Saint Francis Medical Center in Santa Barbara, California, clinical coordinator Jan Ingram, RN, explains in the same article that Whether youre giving them a sponge bath or putting them on the commode, if youre really there with them-mindfully present-that is a spiritual action. Nurses have to realize that listening and communicating with their patient is of vital importance in helping a patient heal. This includes developing ways and means for the patient to be able to effectively practice their beliefs and be able to assist in the patients personal spiritual care. Once a nurse learns to approach a person holistically, the nurse will now be in a very good position to accept the various faiths of their patients and convert the same or varied belief amongst the patients she is in charge of. Secondly, the nurse must be willing to set aside her own personal spiritual beliefs and instead be open minded and willing to accept the faith of the patient while she is caring for him or her. A patient may request for a bible reading, a short prayer, or simply letting the patient talk with the nurse listening and prepared to reassure her at the end that God has not abandoned him or her. If need be, a nurse must not hesitate to accommodate a patients request to join him in a religious activity. Such activities tend to reassure a patient and keep him calm throughout the healing process. Lastly, it is highly imperative that nurses know and understand the religious beliefs of their patients as these beliefs can affect their medical decisions pertaining to procedures such as operations or end of life decisions. So, a nurse is encouraged to discuss and explore their patients religious beliefs if a patient is comfortable doing so with the nurse. This will allow a nurse to develop and gain the trust of the patient because the patient will be comfortable in the knowledge that the nurse in charge of her care understands her religious belief and will always respect its role in their lives. Such support systems between patient and nurse usually prove vital in the therapeutic alliance of the two parties. Â  It is also highly important that a nurse, even though not a devout practitioner of her religion, believes in God and knows how to pray. Even though a nurse is taught how to compartmentalize her feelings and not be affected by the events of the day at the hospital, one cannot help but be affected. There will be times in the course of performing her duty that she will call science into question and why it failed certain patients, or why it cannot seem to heal a patient who has no reason to be ill. During those situations, when science seems to fail her, the only thing she will find herself clinging to is her belief in god or her religion. It is this faith that she will take with her as she tries to heal her patient and help him cope with his medical situation. This will be the common denominator binding them. Faith in religion regardless of what the religion is commonly called. At the end of the day, nurses will have to learn to accept and integrate the diversified cultures and religious beliefs of their patients. The nurse will have to turn to her own personal faith for support as well. All of this because healing a patient is not all a matter of science. It is also a matter of spiritual belief in a Supreme Being who can heal us all of our aches and pains in any form or guise. Work Cited Hebert Randy S. ; Jenckes., Mollie W. ; Ford, Daniel E.; OConnor, Debra R. $ Cooper, Lisa A. (2001). Patient Perspectives on Spirituality and the Patient-Physician Relationship. Journal of Internal General Medicine. Retrieved May 25, 2007 from http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1495274 Hemilla, Donna. (2002). You Gotta Have Faith. Nurseweek. Retrieved May 20, 2007 from http://www.nurseweek.com/news/features/02-09/faith.asp Mitchell, Joyce Haroun, Lee. (2005). Healthcare. Singapore. Thomson Delmar. Wensley, Michelle. Spirituality in Nursing. Retrieved May 21, 2007 from http://www.ciap.health.nsw.gov.au/hospolic/stvincents/1995/a04.html

Awesome Ball Girl and Perception Essay Example for Free

Awesome Ball Girl and Perception Essay In the short video of â€Å"Awesome Ball Girl†, there is a young ball girl working in the field that makes such a great catch, most professionals would not have been able to make. At the start of the video you would think that you are about to see a home run after a great hit, but my eyes were drawn elsewhere; just like the crowd and two teams. This shows the first stage in the perception process: selection. Selection occurs when one or more of your senses are stimulated, where your mind and body help you choose what stimuli to attend to (Floyd 109). Of my five senses, this video affected my vision and my hearing since I was watching a screen; more senses would have been affected if I would have been in the crowd. We do not necessarily make conscious decisions about which stimuli to notice and which to ignore. Research indicates that there are three characteristics that make a particular stimulus more likely to be selected for attention. (Floyd 109) The first characteristic is that something unusual or unexpected will make a stimulus stand out. Second, that repetition or how frequently you have been exposed to something will make it stand out. Third, the intensity of a stimulus will affect how much you take notice to it. From the video â€Å"Awesome Ball Girl†, two of the characteristics that stood out the most for me were repetition and intensity. I do not watch baseball often so since I am not exposed to that sport often, it stood out to me. In addition to not watching that sport often, the intensity of the crowd made me more interested because I knew something big was happening due to hearing the cheering and gasping. By the end of the video, all of my attention was focused on the young ball girl who just made an amazing catch. Once you have noticed a particular stimulus the next step of the perception process is to classify it by organization, the second stage of the perception process. Organization is the process of categorizing information that has been selected for attention – the mind will apply a perceptual schema to it for a mental framework for organizing information (Floyd 109). Perceptual schemas help us organize sensory information in some meaningful way so that we can move forward with the process of perception. There are four types of schema that help to classify the information we notice about people: physical constructs, role constructs, interaction constructs and psychological constructs. (Floyd 110) Physical constructs emphasize appearances and objective characteristics (height, age, ethnicity, body shape) as well as subjective characteristics (attractiveness). Role constructs emphasize social or professional position (teacher, accountant, father, community leader). Interaction constructs emphasize behavior (outgoing, shy, aggressive, sarcastic, considerate). Psychological constructs emphasize thoughts and feelings (angry, insecure, jealous, worried). (Floyd 110) Looking back on watching this video, I feel like I could apply all of these constructs to the young ball girl. She was a younger white female; her appearance was average height for a woman, not tall and not short with an athletic build – which is known to be attractive. The announcer for the game calls her the ball girl as well as the title of the video which gave the role construct. The interaction I could see was that she was a â€Å"go-getter† and that she was not shy about going after the ball that the professional player missed. After the catch, she was walking back to her seat; she seemed insecure and or worried like she was thinking maybe it was a bad idea to catch the ball now that all attention is on her. Stage one, selection, helped me with stage two, organization because I knew what caught my attention. Seeing a girl running down the side of the field, hearing the crowd cheering and the announcer going crazy made me realize that something spectacular was happening even though I don’t watch baseball often. Once my attention was focused on the ball girl, I was able to use the types of schemas to classify the information that my mind noticed. The third and final stage of the perception process is interpretation. Interpretation in the perception process is assigning all of the information from selection and organization and forming a personal meaning. Three factors: experience, knowledge and closeness can all affect how you interpret something that you perceive (Floyd 111). Every person’s interpretations will most likely differ. For me, experience plays the biggest role since I used to play softball. I know how hard it can be to catch a ball at the rear of the outfield, let alone trying to scale a wall before catching the ball; which proves to me that this young ball girl has a lot of talent. To some people that may be avid baseball fans that attend a lot of games, this could be an event they will never forget, but for me, it is just a very impressive video that I will probably potentially forget about due to my lack of interest in baseball. I do not have doubts that this video is not real or accurate. Crazier things happen every day! After going step by step through the perception process, I see a very talented young girl that has the potential to be a great player on a ball team.

GEs Talent Machine: The Making of a CEO | Analysis

GEs Talent Machine: The Making of a CEO | Analysis This assignment will critically evaluate BARLETT and MCLEAN GEs Talent Machine: The making of a CEO and Prokeschs How GE Teaches Teams to Lead. It will the lessons that can be learnt from General Electric (GE) and apply them to my organisation. GE is currently listed the 3rd largest business in the world (Adams, 2012), it is also ranked in the top 20 for other awards such as best company for leaders (Fig 1). GE operates globally in four areas: Technology Infrastructure, Energy, Capital Finance and Consumer Industrials. To understand GE a S.W.O.T analysis was undertaken (Fig 2), Stewart, Fletcher Barrett (SFB) is a small Nuneaton based business. Originally a firm of accountants, they now provide business services in Wealth Management, Human Resources and Marketing. With recent growth they now are opening a third office in Coventry. GEs Talent Machine: The making of a CEO Literature Review GE has always excelled over its competition, one is their ability to develop and uphold quality managers. Forbes showed that GE is the worlds best companies for leaders beating the likes of IBM and Microsoft. (Anonymous, 2012 ). What led GE to produce talented leaders was the emphasis they forced into developing quality leaders. GE has appointed twelve CEOs since Edison and many of them have contributed to management development which has helped GE to successfully maintain its growth in revenue and profit. Coffin, who succeeded Edison, devoted 20 years to creating a meritocracy within the organisation to reward employees promotions based on performance. In 2003, Coffin was named The Greatest CEO of all time by Fortune magazine (Collins, 2003). This went onto become the foundation of GE which went on to make GE a CEO factory. When Cordiner came into power, he thought it was best to decentralise GE, this increased the company management efficiency. Reg Jones increased the development of managers by strategic planning to a more formal structured approach, this served as an upgrade to Session C and the EMS reviews. When Welch took charge introduced the Work Out initiative which saw employees (over 200,000) meet for three days to discuss how their individual area of work could be made more efficient. Analysis The main reason for GEs constant business success is they use human capital as a competitive advantage, this combined with continues improvements in the training and development of staff created a culture for success. GE maintain being a revolutionary organisation; by hiring from within GE and always looking out for new management talent. The following points were analysed: Human Resource Management for Growth GE had devoted to a HRM Strategy by implementing new procedures and policies. This enabled them to uphold a healthy and vital pool of new managers. Butler (1988/89) identified this as a HR-driven model (Fig 4) which identifies HR as being the driving force to achieve business targets. Coffin who created a meritocracy-based culture used a well defined succession management process which became part of the GE culture. This process put performing employees in lower management positions, in a variety of industries. This was seen as a more Holistic model (Fig 4), which Torrington, D et al (2008) described this being where people of the organisation are recognised people as the key to competitive advantage rather than just the way of implementing organisational strategy. This process gave individual a defined career path, and clear goals, which in turn intrinsically motivated them as they could see their progression within the company. This particular performance oriented culture was extremely tough to uphold and apply in each business; however it shows the commitment GE has towards their human capital. Immelt concurred this by saying Unless you are really dedicated to a whole system, it doesnt work. (Barlett, C and McLean, N, 2006). Communication Even due to GEs size it could maintain uninterrupted communication with managers; this was helped by their clear structure that Cordiner had implemented. Immelt added additional channels of communication, such as conference calls and forums. This allowed employees from different industries around the world connect with ease. Recommendations The Vitality Curve The vitality curve is a rankings-based system and is now considered by GE employees to be apart of the companys meritocracy based culture. This is controversial to outsiders and complicated, relying on faultless incorporation of employee feedback, training and coaching. GE lost employees from the 70% range (Fig 3) to other companies such as the BankAmerica who had successfully recruited over 90 GE employees. Making the rankings more flexible would allow B Players to feel valued thus reducing de-motivation and increasing output. Immelt should consider expanding the top level or introducing an additional band of classification so that A Players are differentiated from B Players. GE should also consider a system of reward to all individuals achievement of the business; this will make majority of employees feel more rewarded for their efforts and also increase retention. Recruitment Immelt should focus on more international recruitment targeting the likes of Europe and Asia. Since 40% of GEs revenues are generated offshore this would also reduce the companys dependence in American for talent. GE can attract candidates by offering graduate programmes. GE previously had problems with MBA turnover in previous years, and similar issues offshore can be avoided if GE emphasising on its reputation as develop management talent. This would bring positive diversity to the business. Cameron K, 2011, states there are three types of positive outcomes; intergroup equality, positive intergroup relations and positive group outcomes. Executive Brands Having seven executive bands causes employees, particularly in international locations, to believe that promotional opportunities were limited. In business cultures such as India, status is highly valued. To them this would be a psychological reward, this is a process that reinforces behaviour something that, when offered, causes a behaviour to increase in intensity (Wilson, T. 2003). GEs should think consider adapting to provide employees with psychological reward and also acknowledgment in these areas of cultural variation. What has been learnt? GE has pioneered the business world and human resource methods. For GE to survive it must uphold its flexibility. GE recruiting and human resource approach needs updating as it has been the same for many years and hasnt evolved with the times. The change GE has gone through has been successful and unsuccessful in the following ways: Meritocracy GE staffs are still motivated intrinsically by results, goal setting and promotions, due to employees having common goals it caused a team working environment. Tuckman describes this stage as the performance stage, this is described as when the team share pride in what they are doing, they focus on the objectives and enormous energy occurs in completing the task. (Clayton, M, 2009) The vitality curve This is apart of the GE culture and Welch decided the best way to retain the staff that were leaving GE (the 70%) was to support people to strive to be in the top 20%; he did this by adding motivating factors which include aspects of the working environment such as rewards, training and also praise, supervisory practices. (Herzberg F, Mausner. B, 1993) Recruiting GE has always relied on internal talent to fill positions. Immelt recently hired externally when an internal candidate could not be found, hopefully this shift will open up GE to a much wider variety of talent which can have a positive effect on GE. Research by OReilly, Chatman Caldwell (1991) shows that new hires whose values fit well with the values of the organization and culture tend to adjust more quickly, feel more satisfied, and remain with the organization longer, this causes satisfaction increases, turnover is reduced and people are more productive. Communication Without effective communication on all levels GE would not be able to implement the changes it has go through such as reducing to seven executive bands and also implementing new business strategies. Immelt understood how vital effective communication was to the growth of the company in a global marketplace, and how it kept employees connected without geographic boundaries; this gave employees high levels of involvement with their jobs, made them more accessible and also made communication more effective. Executive Bands GE was going through a lean journey this is described as maximizing customer value while minimizing waste. Simply, lean means creating more value for customers with fewer resources (Beker, I. 2011). Reducing the 29 PLs was vital in saving money the cost saving opportunity was somewhere between $7 billion and $10 billion (www.pqa.net). The impact it had on the hierarchy resulted in their being less promotional opportunities which then effected the India as they were accustomed to promotions and the emphasis on job titles. This lean journey caused a lot of change which can distress employees; However Welch backed the Six Sigma program up with a strong rewards system to show his commitment to it which attracted GE employees attention. Conclusion For over a decade GE has led the industry, not only as a successful profitable organisation but also as an innovator. In this time, GE has shown its self to be flexible in identifying business opportunities (such as acquisitions) but also with a strong human resource dedication. By being the leader in innovation, GE isnt able to look at its competitors for guidance they must solve potential issues head on and alone. As the market is an ever changing environment they must continue to develop their staff and improve from within looking at gaps and development in its Human capital. How GE teaches teams to lead Literature Review In September 2006 GE launched Leadership, Innovation and Growth (LIG) program which ran for the next two years, the purpose of LIG was to make innovation and growth apart of GEs culture as Six Sigma had been under Jack Welch. Prokesch underpinned five principles that made the LIG at GE successful. (Fig 5) The following shows what the management team at GE Power went through at LIG training. Before attending the LIG, they were asked to assess three areas, they would updated their 3 year strategy, it would conduct a 360 review on its growth values and finally it they assessed creating innovative There scores were collated and given back to the managers at the intervals. The first step in training was to identify barriers, these included things such as identifying the levels of risk taking, idea support, involvement, conflict and debate. These barriers were discussed during intervals throughout the 4 days. In the first interval the team learnt their actual team scores for the 360 degree review of their growth values. This automatically made them reassess almost every part of their business. This also triggered the team to ask questions such as Were not as good at anticipating major trends as we ought to be and Is solar a good place to be? This time to reflect then generated insights in to their business Does GE not understand Government Policies This constant evaluation became an ongoing occurrence after each internal with the mangers constantly adapting and evolving their thought process. Analysis Transformational leadership is, according to Northouse, a process that changes and  transforms people. It is concerned with emotions, values, ethics, standards, and long-term goals and includes assessing followers motives, satisfying their needs, and treating them as full human beings. A transformational leader stimulates the followers by setting challenging goals and offering them support and motivates them to share the same vision and goals as the company (Bass and Riggio, 2006,). This was shown when the mangers were shown their scores and they had to reassess this motivated them as they asked themselves questions such as Were not as good at anticipating major trends as we ought to be. Northouse, 2007 suggests The Transformational Leadership Model only exists when these 4 factors are present: Factor 1: Idealised influence. This reveals the importance for high standards of morality and strong ethical conduct among leaders (Northouse, 2007). This concept is about leading by example. LIG did not present concepts related this, Instead, leaders and their departments were heavily monitored for demonstrating these behaviours prior to attending the training (Prokesch, 2009). The screening included variables that measured the leaders skill to grasp conflict, empower group members to try new approaches with their work, encouraging open communication and trust, and challenging group members in their work. Factor 2: Inspirational Motivation Here leaders inspire and motivating individuals through words and actions of encouragement (Northouse, 2007). The leaders learned the value for creating excitement and building loyalty and commitment among group members through individual attention. The training specifically included consideration for empowering and encouraging employees to experiment and develop new skills. Factor 3: Intellectual Stimulation Here leaders ability to motivate followers and the leader to challenge their values. LIG encouraged leaders to develop relationships and encourage honest conversations (Prokesch,2009). Trust and openness were valued traits presented to leaders in the training which were consistently measured over time. Factor 4: Individualized Consideration The LIG course encouraged leaders in specific departments to consider relationships among its followers; it also looked how leadership is provided to followers across a period of change. Fundamentally, transformational leadership focuses on the ever-changing relationships between leaders and followers (Northouse, 2007). The training also encouraged leaders to assist followers to become leaders in their own respective industry. Conclusion GEs alignment with the factors in the model suggested that many effective features existed in the LIG leadership-training course. The Transformational Leadership Model used in this study suggested that the combination of the four factors resulted in performance beyond expectations. The findings determine that the organization encouraged and trained leaders to demonstrate and use behaviours, tools, and techniques proven to be effective in leadership. Northouse (2007) presented substantial evidence in transformational leadership that had found the transformational leadership factors to be effective elements in leadership. This also meant that performance was seen by way of satisfaction and motivation among subordinates. The findings suggest that the LIG training course offered to leaders at GE effectively trains leaders I encouraging performance among group members.

Romatic Era :: essays research papers

19th Century Romanticism in Europe- Books related to 19th Century Romanticism in Europe- 19th Century Romanticism in Europe- Romanticism began in the early 19th century and radically changed the way people perceived themselves and the state of nature around them. Unlike Classicism, which stood for order and established the foundation for architecture, literature, painting and music, Romanticism allowed people to get away from the constricted, rational views of life and concentrate on an emotional and sentimental side of humanity. This not only influenced political doctrines and ideology, but was also a sharp contrast from ideas and harmony featured during the Enlightenment. The Romantic era grew alongside the Enlightenment, but concentrated on human diversity and looking at life in a new way. It was the combination of modern Science and Classicism that gave birth to Romanticism and introduced a new outlook on life that embraced emotion before rationality. Romanticism was a reactionary period of history when its seeds became planted in poetry, artwork and literature. The Romantics turned to the poet before the scientist to harbor their convictions (they found that the orderly, mechanistic universe that the Science thrived under was too narrow-minded, systematic and downright heartless in terms of feeling or emotional thought) and it was men such as Johann Wolfgang von Goethe in Germany who wrote "The Sorrows of Young Werther" which epitomized what Romanticism stood for. His character expressed feelings from the heart and gave way to a new trend of expressing emotions through individuality as opposed to collectivism. In England, there was a resurgence into Shakespearean drama since many Romantics believed that Shakespeare had not been fully appreciated during the 18th century. His style of drama and expression had been downplayed and ignored by the Enlightenment's narrow classical view of drama. Friedrich von Schlegel and Samuel Taylorleridge (from Germany and England respectively) were two critics of literature who believed that because of the Enlightenment's suppression of individual emotion as being free and imaginative, Shakespeare who have never written his material in the 19th century as opposed to the 18th century. The perception that the Enlightenment was destroying the natural human soul and substituting it with the mechanical, artificial heart was becoming prevalent across Europe. The Lyrical Ballads, published in 1798, was a series of poems that examined the beauty of nature and explored the actions of people in natural settings. Written by William Woodsworth, this form of

A Visit to the Bristol Caverns in Tennessee :: Tourism

A Visit to the Bristol Caverns in Tennessee The Bristol Caverns are over 200,000,000 years old and were used as a secret way of travel for the Cherokee Indians (http://www.tenntrips.com). Being located in Bristol, Tennessee, the caverns are a part of the Appalachian Mountain Region. The Bristol Caverns are underground and considered a historical monument. During your visit to the caverns you can learn about history, while getting your exercise, at an affordable price. The Bristol Caverns are open all year around, except for on holidays, and the time that you are able to visit is subject to change during different seasons. You can visit the Bristol Caverns from 9a.m.-5p.m. on Monday through Saturday and from 12:30p.m.-5p.m. on Sundays. It is suggested that you call before attempting to go to the Bristol Caverns because of the number of tourists. (http://www.bristolcaverns.com). The drive from the ETSU campus to the caverns takes about forty-two minutes. In order to get to the Bristol Caverns you can start on 11E, get off at the Bluff City exit, take it to 394, turn right onto 435, and you will then see the Bristol Caverns on the left. Upon arrival you will be expected to pay an admission fee of $9.00, which can change, according to age. The Bristol Caverns offers special rates and tours for groups interested in touring. One of these group opportunities, "Wild Tours" (http://www.bristolcaverns.com), gives groups the chance to explore parts of the ca ve normally not seen, provided a guide is present. The entire tour requires a lot of walking, so wearing tennis shoes is recommended. Dress prepared for a cool environment because while inside the cave you will experience temperatures from 50-60 degrees. As you walk along the tour of the Bristol Caverns, a tour guide will inform you about the history of the cave: such as the original entrance place to the caverns used by the Cherokee Indians and how an early pioneer would store his fruit in the cave for extended freshness (tour guide). While the guide leads you through the cave of the caverns, you can view many formations and scenes. The formations are called stalagmites and stalagtites, which are created by the moisture and minerals in the cave hardening. One inch of these formations lengths can take from 150-300 years to form (tour guide). During the tour you will venture through different levels of the cave.

Is Walmart Good? Essay -- Business, Global Powerhouse

Wal-Mart, the multi-billion company and the second largest employer in the world, is the most controversial corporation in the world. Wal-Mart is a global powerhouse and affects many people around the world. Wal-Mart is constantly getting attacked from unions, human rights groups, small towns and small businesses. Wal-Mart is accused of treating their workers poorly and driving small businesses out of business. But however these accusations are false or over exaggerated. Wal-Mart offers families and low income people quality products. Also, they pay their workers competitive wages and treat them with respect. Wal-Mart opens their stores in rural and under developed areas. Wal-Mart improves the lives of the people who live rural area and improves their lifestyles. Wal-Mart opens stores at rural areas that are destitute. These people don’t have the ability to buy the newest and best products around. That lifestyle of buying and getting the newest item is foreign to them. Thanks to Wal-Mart these people are able to see this lifestyle and experience themselves (Coster 1). Wal-Mart provides low prices for people to afford more of these great products and to stretch their dollar more. People are saving hundreds of dollars and those savings due add up. According to a study by the New England Consulting group, U.S. consumers save $100 billion annually, or $600 for the average America family (Maich 6). These savings for consumers and families are astounding. This data is not only about for those who shop at Wal-Mart but this data is about all consumers. This is so because â€Å"Wal-Mart sells for less, it forces competitors to cut prices in order to compete† (Maich 6). A study by a UBS Warburg analysts show the impact Wal-Mart has on c ompet... ...ses. No other retailers offer these benefits. Wal-Mart employees are content because of these benefits. Hewitt Associates, a human resource consulting firm, ranked Wal-Mart as the best retailor for workers satisfaction for three years. (Maich 5) This data shows that Wal-Mart is a great place to work for. Wal-Mart is beneficial to many types of people. Wal-Mart is good for the economy and good to it workers. Wal-Mart hires many people from different walks of life and offers their workers many benefits that others retailers don’t offer. Wal-Mart with their low prices benefits consumers and help consumers to save. Wal-Mart is a positive to local economies and improves profits of local businesses. Wal-Mart is not a monster as critics’ states and all these attacks by critics are incorrect. Wal-Mart is not perfect but it is better than most of the other corporations.

NASCAR drivers are true athletes

In the public consciousness, sport is normally associated with human-powered activities like football and basketball, whereas those, engaging with human-assisted activities like racing, are not viewed as true athletes as they allegedly do not need great physical effort to achieve success. This tradition derives from Ancient Rome, whereas the major emphasis was placed upon the activities, which demonstrate the perfection of human body, but in the modern world, due to the arrival of new technological novelties, it would be unwise to limit the list. The present paper presents the reasons for which NASCAR drivers can be categorized as athletes. First of all, it is necessary to provide a definition of a true athlete: athlete is a person who possesses either natural or trained skills, needed to do a particular type of sports on the professional basis, participates in the competitions, observing the rules prescribed,   and is able to use the skills they possess in a beneficial way. Thus, there are several key aspects, which characterize an athlete, so they can be used as categorization criteria. First and foremost, an athlete should engage with a particular type of sports. Thus, it is important to prove that motor racing belongs to the realm of sports; for this purpose, it is necessary to define the term â€Å"sport†. â€Å"Sport is an activity that is governed by a set of rules or customs and often engaged in competitively. Sports commonly refer to activities where the physical capabilities of the competitor are the sole or primary determined of the outcome (winning or losing), but the term is also used to include activities such as mind sports and motor sports where mental acuity or equipment are major factor† (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport, 2006). Furthermore, true athletes should be skilled enough to engage with a specific type of sports. In the present case, they should have dexterity, good at car driving and have sufficient intellectual abilities and the basic knowledge of the physical laws, which rule the process of driving. Thirdly, the true athlete should be able to use their skills and proficiency in the particular type of sport in the beneficial way, because the utilization of such abilities determines the maintenance of qualification and expertise. Fourthly, the true athlete participates in the contests in their narrow sports sphere, as competition is an opportunity to look critically at oneself and assess one’s own skills in the proper way. As it has been mentioned, the athlete engages with professional sports, which require certain development and adjustment of one’s skills to the requirements of the present day, which could be achieved only through observing peer performance. Finally, the true athlete values competitive spirit and thus observes the major rules that regulate the competition, namely those which determine the fair contest. It is possible to disagree with the aforementioned criteria. For instance, a number of extremely professional athletes, who participate in international competitions, tend to abuse the disciplinary rules and demonstrate aggressive behavior, but in the present case major rules that determine the equality and evenhandedness in the contest are discussed. These rules normally prohibit artificial measures, taken to temporarily increase one’s strength or dexterity. In addition, it is also possible to criticize the criteria that relates to the beneficial use of one’s skills in sports. In fact, the term â€Å"beneficial† doesn’t actually points to making money on the basis of sport activity, in fact, it might include such minor issues as using strength to protect oneself or another person from violent hooligans or utilizing intellectual abilities, developed during the years of chess playing, in mathematics. Finally one might claim that competition is not necessary for self-development as an athlete, as it is possible to hire a very qualified coach and train without engaging into the interactions with other sportspeople, but according to the aforementioned definition, positive and inspired rivalry is a core of all sports and victory is their purpose. Applying the first criterion, it is necessary to state that beyond the traditional sports like tennis and gymnastics, there also exist activities, which need more mental capacities and can be also classified as sports. In addition, the NASCAR refers to the activity it promotes and develops (motor racing) as motor sports, and due to the fact that this association is national, it implies the conventional view on sports, approved by the experts in this sphere. Secondly, NASCAR drivers really possess the necessary skills and abilities – otherwise they wouldn’t have been accepted by the association of the national level. Most of them have been training for many years and using professional race equipment in order to provide continuous growth of their skills. Thirdly, the individuals, participating in NASCAR races, have managed to make the sport bring them money – this way of using the complex of sport skills can be considered beneficial. Nowadays, the NASCAR drivers are amongst the richest athletes in the country. Turning sports into one’s personal profitable work is a true art, so the NASCAR drivers have succeeded in utilizing their unique talent. Fourthly, the NASCAR drivers participate in a variety of races amongst which the NEXTEL Cup, the Busch Series and the Truck Series. In order to have an idea about the level of these competitions, it would be useful to read about the NEXTEL, for instance: â€Å"The NASCAR NEXTEL Cup Series is the sport’s highest level of professional competition. It is consequently the most popular and most profitable NASCAR series. The 2006 NEXTEL season consisted of 36 races over 10 months, with over $4 million in total prize money at stake at each race† (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASCAR#NEXTEL_Cup, 2007). This mean, the NASCAR drivers belong to the so-called â€Å"high sports†, as they participate in the national competitions. Finally, the NASCAR drivers observe the principles of fair competition. For instance, they â€Å"do not use performance-enhancing drugs† (McCormick, at http://nascar.about.com/od/drivers/a/nascarsteroids.htm, 2007) and tend to support the idea of the spirit of positive rivalry through following the rules of politeness and good tone in the relationships with other participants. Criticizing this argument, one can state that NASCAR races are not actually a sport, but rather a show with minor elements of competition. In this case, the accents are placed inaptly , as these races are a true competition in all aspects, but the modern mass-media have turned into a show, broadcasted by numerous TV-channels. In reality, the NASCAR is interested in maintaining its reputation and thus deals merely with professional sport rather than amateur shows . To sum up, the present paper successfully proves that NASCAR drivers are true athletes, as they meet the aforementioned criteria such as skillfulness, obedience to ethical codes, participation in racing and the corresponding competitions and use of their skills in the beneficial way   The paper thus illustrates that a true athlete should possess not merely skills, but also high intelligence, ability to negotiate and make career in the field of sports as well as satisfactory   inner moral culture. Works cited McCormick, S. â€Å"NASCAR Drivers Don’t Use Performance Enhancing Drugs†. 31 July 2007, Wikipedia. â€Å"NASCAR†. 17 July 2007, Wikipedia. â€Å"Sport†. 4 October 2006,                  

Racism Synthesis

Racism can be â€Å"defined as the hatred of one person by another or the belief that another person is less than human because of skin color, language, customs, place of birth or any factor that supposedly reveals the basic nature of that person. It has influenced wars, slavery, the formation of nations, and legal codes† (â€Å"What†). The face of racism over the past 50 years has changed but yet, some still stay the same. People made laws against racism and it is not as blunt anymore.But opinions and stereotypes will remain which will cause others to still be treated differently. One way the face of racism has changed is that there are now laws against it. Because racism was such a major problem back then, the 14th amendment was created, which provided everyone guaranteed equal protection of the law and â€Å"prevents unreasonable searches and seizures† (â€Å"Racial†). In my high school, there is a wide range of diversity in races among the students.Not just a school of Blacks, or just Whites, or even just Asians, but the students are made up of a variety of races. A law that allows this diversity to happen is called Affirmative Action. â€Å"Affirmative Action refers to policies that take factors including race, color, religion, gender, sexual orientation, or national origin into consideration in order to benefit an underrepresented group in areas of employment, education, and business, usually justified as countering the effects of a history of discrimination† (Affirmative).According to James McBride in The Color of Water, him and his family â€Å"were shocked by the racial division of the city and surrounding country, where most of the black kids attended understaffed and underfunded city schools while whites attended sparkling clean suburban schools with fantastic facilities† (McBride 180). This suggests that since racism changed up north, in New York, there aren’t as much segregated schools anymore. While in the south, in Delaware, there still are segregated schools and rough racism.Another way the face of racism has changed is that it is not as blunt anymore. Racism is more discrete. Back then, not all blacks had the same privileges and racism wasn’t just about black and white people. This is an example of colourism. Colourism can be â€Å"defined as a conscious or unconscious state of prejudice that may be experienced by both blacks and whites so that they label as less attractive and intelligent individuals of a darker complexion, particularly, when it comes to black women† â€Å"Demystifying†). Among the black community, there is racism between it as well. Back then, white slave owners â€Å"allowed those of a lighter complexion certain privileges and denied those of a darker complexion those privileges and created in the minds of blacks that â€Å"light† is better. In addition, the selling of lighter-skinned women into prostitution or to salve maste rs to become their mistresses helped to concretize the idea that light skin is better† (â€Å"Demystifying†).But racism is not just about blacks and whites. It can be between any races. With the internet and the power of social networking these days, it is even easier to repudiate and excoriate people. People can criticize you secretly and not include you in certain events without your knowing. You can express racism even behind a computer screen on a website plus make it private so it can’t be seen by the public. Although racism has changed over time these past 50 years, racism in many ways still exists.Everybody has their own opinion and those opinions are influenced by the public and the media. In some way, shape, or form, people are stereotypical towards one another. Racial profiling is an issue due to such opinions and stereotypes. Racial Profiling can be defined as â€Å"the practice by law enforcement officials of using race, national origin, or ethnicity as the primary or sole consideration when intervening in a law-enforcement capacity† (â€Å"Racial†).James McBride, in The Color of Water, states that â€Å"any black man who loiters in front of a building for a long time looking it over is bound to draw suspicion from cops and others who probably think he’s looking for an open entrance so he can climb in and steal something. † This is an example of racial profiling because the police are considering that since he is black, he is going to commit crime and steal something. In that time, â€Å"black males were closely associated with crime in America (McBride). † This is a contribution to the stereotype of black people always committing crimes.Although stereotypes are based off facts, they do not apply to everybody. According to Heather Mac Donald, â€Å"such disparities in criminal victimization mean that the police cannot target their resources at the neighborhoods that most need protection withou t producing racially disparate stop and arrest rates. Blacks are not just the most frequent victims of crime in New York; they are also its most frequent perpetrators†¦add Hispanics to black shootings, and you account for 98 percent of all gun violence in New York. † Racism still hasn’t changed in stereotypes.Blacks still commit most crimes and are racially profiled by suspicion. Racism over the past 50 years has changed because of such laws for example, the 14th amendment and Affirmative Action. Furthermore, racism has changed due to colourism as well. But on the contrary, even though time has passed and views have changed, racism still remains the same due to everyone’s opinions provided and influenced by stereotypes. Works Cited â€Å"Affirmative Action. † Wikipedia. 2012. N. pag. Print. â€Å"Demystifying Colourism, Racism [opinion]. † Africa News Service 19 June 2012.Global Issues In Context. Web. 5 Oct. 2012. Mac Donald, Heather. â€Å"T he crime reporting you never read: if it doesn’t bash the police, it isn’t fit to print. † National Review 30 July 2012: 32. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 5 Oct. 2012. McBride, James. The Color of Water: A Black Man’s Tribute to His White Mother. New York: Riverhead, 1997. Print. â€Å"Racial Profiling. † Issues & Controversies. Facts On File News Services, 3 Sept. 2012. Web. 5 Oct. 2012. . â€Å"What Is Racism? † Anti-Defamation League. Anti-Defamation League, 2011. Web. 13 Oct. 2012. .

Comparing Country and City Life

Comparing Country and City Life Some people think that city life has more benefits than country life; however, some people agree that country life is a â€Å"real life†. Like hearing natures music, or seeing sights of the land and its natural beauty. Even though city living and country living might have their similarities, a broader perspective shows that they both have some differences in conveniences, life conditions, and people’s characteristics. The first similarity is convenience.Most people argue that this is only a characteristic of city life, but that is not always true. For example, even though both have access to places such as hospitals, malls, restaurants, or church, still, they vary in time to commute to these facilities. While in a big city, the travel to the store might be further than in the country. It is also true that they have better schools in the city, such as colleges, universities, and even transportation, such as a metro, to these schools. Both the country and city have high, middle, and elementary schools.Both living conditions offer conveniences, but they are reflected differently in time. Some people believe that life in the city provides better job opportunities than in the country. This is not wrong because you have a stronger population rise in the city, which calls for more companies with better salary earning. People in the city also have better options of how to spend their free time. For instance, people can visit various museums, cinemas, and libraries. People in the country do not have laundry mats, car washes, or beauty salons.In contrast, there are plenty of these in the city. People living in the country feel themselves in safety. The crime rate in the country is way lower than in the city. Most people that live in the country are also very friendly. My cousin has lived in the country for three years and says that he has a bunch of friends there. Therefore, she never considers moving to the city. In the city , pollution surrounds people wherever they go, whether it’s on the streets or on the lawn of a large park.Pollution could possibly cause health problems later on in life. In the country, pollution is scarce. Fresh air, rolling green hills, a few pieces of litter, but for the most part everything is cleaner. In the city, housing and food are expensive. Services such as transportation are also expensive, and almost mandatory. Worst of all, the most expensive component of life in the city is the toll it takes on your body through stress. Stress can be present in the city in almost any situation.The crowds, traffic, or even tight work schedules. The country life is very peaceful. The night is quiet. No heavy traffic, no sirens, no rush of the â€Å"morning crowd†. Life is simple and calming. In conclusion, personally, I experienced both living in the big city, where I was born, and living in the small country, where I live now. In my opinion, life in the country is quiet a nd slow. Therefore, it is more suitable for children and old people. I prefer living in a big city, where I can have a vast amount of opportunities in front of me.

Response to Robert Frost’s “Education by poetry” Essay

In his address Education by Poetry given at Amherst College in 1930, Robert Frost introduces the two roles of poetry in education. The first role is that through poetry we cultivate our taste. The second role, which is said to be more crucial, is that poetry teaches us how to discern and understand metaphor in our life. Having read that poetry helps us with our handling metaphor, I naturally reached one simple question. Why is it important to have an ability to identify and comprehend metaphor in our life? In the next paragraph, I would like to give my answer to this very question, simultaneously demonstrating Frosts view point on the importance of the ability. Then, in the third paragraph, from my viewpoint on metaphor, I would like to go further deeper to examining the strengths and weaknesses of one metaphor. To show why it is important to recognize metaphor in our life, the connection between metaphor and thinking on which Frost sheds fresh light in his address is the key. In general, metaphor is a word or phrase used to describe something or somebody else. More specifically, metaphor expresses one thing in terms of another, therefore creating relative values and a certain association between them. According to Frost, this conception of metaphor is the same as that of thinking. To think of one object is to explain that object in terms of another object, and so is to think of a person, an event, and so on. Hence, an amazing thought, which Frost similarly reasons, can be reasoned; metaphor binds everything in this world together. For when you think of something, you are associating it with other thing, which means creating a metaphor, and this applies to all objects, persons, and events that have been recognized in the world. In other words, we construct the world in the form of collection of metaphors. In the world full of metaphor, why can it be petty to handle metaphor well? To correctly understand relative values and kinds of associations among metaphors in the world, to discern metaphor in our life, is vital because, as Frost also implies, accurate understanding and recognition of metaphor mean correct conception of the world around us and, thus, our safety. In this paragraph, I would like to examine one metaphor, especially its strengths and weaknesses, from my viewpoint on metaphor. As explained in the  second paragraph, there are relative values and a certain association between two things involved in metaphor. These values and association are crucial and have to be rational and appropriate in creating a sound metaphor. Yet, there is one decisive factor that changes the rules of metaphor, that is, for whom the metaphor is created. Depending on for whom, metaphors relative values, association, strengths and weaknesses vary drastically. Lets take a look at the metaphor the war on terrorism. Suppose that this is created for America, as in reality, its strengths are, first, that the word terrorism gives right and justice to those who are fighting against it. Second, the word terrorism represents vice in those who have been considered terrorists. Third, the word terrorism can point to any states, to which Americas high places seek its way. On the other hand, its weakness is that because of depersonalizing, though meaning the Middle East countries, the word terrorism can offend any states with which America currently has friendship. All these strengths and weakness do not have to be necessarily right or fair and so may be irrelevant to proper relative values and associations. As Frost cynically says, the devil can quote Scripture.As a conclusion, we live in the world built upon metaphor, the world full of metaphors whether they are good or bad. Hence, to correctly comprehend metaphor is to correctly comprehend the world around us and to ensure our safety. After all, no matter where and how you live, we have to learn metaphors mounted with poetry. Bibliography -Probert Frost Education by poetry

A Culturally Defined Nation

There is nothing to define the country more than culture. Culture is a unified power to integrate people, economics and politics. For people, this is attribution. In the words of Mahatma Gandhi, 'culture of the people exists in the soul and soul of people' culture has established a set of traditional morals that will eventually be inherited throughout humanity. It becomes a part of life, even the most diverse people can return. Cultural nationalism defines the state by sharing culture. Nationwide membership qualifications are completely voluntary (they can not get cultures at once), they are not genetic (If you grew up in other cultures, the members' children are seen as foreigners It will be done). China's nationalism is an example of cultural nationalism. Because there are a few ethnic minorities in China. (Chinese nationalists include Taiwanese nationalists who claim to reject mainland Chinese government but have mainland China) Cultural conservatives will help protect the country 's heritage, or a common culture that is not defined at the border. Shared culture may be as different as Western culture or Chinese culture. In the United States, the term cultural conservatism may imply a conservative position in cultural warfare. Even in the face of major changes, cultural conservatives still keep traditional thinking. They firmly believe in traditional values ​​and traditional politics and often have a sense of nationalism Cultural nationalism is a type of nationalism where the state is defined by a common culture. It is an intermediate position between national nationalism and civil nationalism. Therefore, it will focus on the national identity formed by cultural tradition rather than the concept of common ancestors and races. Cultural nationalism does not tend to appear in the independence movement, but rather has a place in a wider nationalist ideology. Therefore, the position of the moderate faction of Flanders, Hinduism nationalism may be cult ural nationalism, and these movements include forms of national nationalism and ethnic mysticism. The fact that European and American media are focusing on Western nationalism generally reflects the influence of defining the identity of citizens as existing demographic and political systems as rapidly changing demographic data . In contrast, the minorities and religious organizations have weakened the competitiveness over the universe in Chinese culture due to the one-party system and the government's control over the media. China's nationalism is determined by the relationship between China and other countries, especially the past 150 years of historical experience.