Effective leadership and its impact on organization performance Research Paper - 1

Effective leadership and its impact on organization performance - Research Paper Example An effective leader should be aware when to act and when not to act. An effective leader should have good knowledge as it gives the leaders the ability to evaluate the causes and outcomes of their actions. For the existence of an effective leadership, a leader has to acquire from a mentor who can inculcate values that outshine the leader himself. If no guides or mentors are available, a leader can learn the direction and meaning through intercession. Further, an effective leader will have a real good faith for the common good of their subordinates or followers. An effective leader is not only advising his followers or subordinates to follow some path but also will be ready to learn things that require to be inculcated. During their communication process, effective leaders will always communicate with fairness and will exhibit respect to others. An effective leader will always exhibit as an example to other by adhering politeness, gentleness, calmness and quietness. Following these qu alities will make them as effective observers, spectators and thinkers. An effective leader will involve in meaning, thinking and careful observations. An effective leader will have the right virtue for the desired goals and vision of their organizations. Leaders should strive hard without any expectations for the outcomes since the results of effective leadership should derive advantage from the organizations and people instead of the leaders itself. Effective leaders will involve themselves in sattvic charity with a real sense of offering without any anticipating anything in return (Avolio & Gardner 2005, p.320). This thesis will analyze how â€Å"effective leadership contributes towards the achievement of organization success and improvement in the performance level of an organization†. Leadership connotes many characteristics and variables influencing the manner in which it is evaluated so as to be regarded to be effective. Leadership connotes intellectual drive,

CRJS355(5) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

CRJS355(5) - Research Paper Example Seizure of property in plain view should involve no invasion of privacy and be presumptively reasonable (Hemmens & Gerherd, 2010 ). Plain sight discovery are always common during contacts made by somebody to the officers, detentions, and traffic stops. Even though most of the evidence acquired in this manner may be accepted in court, sometimes part of them may be suppressed. The logic rule of evidence states that ‘what a person knowingly exposes to the public, even at his home or office, is not a subject of Fourth Amendment protection’ as supported by Hemmens and Gerherd 2010. Evidence obtained is always not just useful because an officer of law has seen it. The fact that matters is whether he attained it lawfully so that the prosecutor can use it in court. For the investigator to legally invoke plain sight seizure he must consider if he had made a lawful discovery of the evidence. He must have had the legal right of being in the location from which they initially saw, s melled, or felled the evidence. Investigators upon discovering evidence, they must have a probable cause to believe that the evidence is indeed criminal evidence. Plain view discovery is not always us simple us such, especially when the evidence are to be used in the court of law. Investigators are not allowed to obtain evidence in a place where the suspect reasonably expected privacy. They must have the legal right to enter the place. The exclusionary rule was developed by the courts to deter the federal and the government from violating the right of unreasonable searches and seizures. Evidences observation in plain view is not a search, and it is also settled that evidences obtained in the course of unlawful search or seizure is not plain view evidence. Therefore the Supreme Court regarded the fourth amendment exclusionary rule as a remedy required by the constitution principle, courts have decided to use deliberate and culpable test to determine whether to admit evidence obtained as a result of seizure which is unconditional as a result of an officer’s error. Evidences that are obtained without questionable search violating the exclusionary rule could ultimately be admissible as evidence in the court. Exclusionary rule does not apply when police officer’s act with objectively reasonable reliance on a search warrant later found to be invalid (Henning, 1995). Investigators, who mistakenly rather than intentionally violate constitutional rights, are deterred from future violation by the exclusion law. The doctrine of exclusion by good faith harms the innocent defendants in three ways: juror resistance, juror error, and perverse screening effect. It has therefore, been difficult for the court to find any distinction between investigators error and third-party error. The court held that investigators violation in obtaining evidence did not trigger the exclusionary rule. In justifying the holding of some cases, courts have noted that the logical inc onsistency between exclusion in cases involving non-police errors, cannot logically contribute to the deterrence of Fourth Amendment violations. But the errors that are made by the investigators in finding evidences and filling them have resulted to high faulty paperwork. By court allowing these errors in good faith doctrine the scope of its impact remains to be seen. The errors such us record keeping which may lead to false arrest, unlawful acquisition of evidence could only justify

Slavery in Ancient Rome

Slavery in Ancient Rome A slave was a person who was usually captured in battle and send back to Rome to be sold. Most slaves in ancient Rome were acquired through warfare, and the Roman armies would bring back captives as part of a reward for their presence in battles. Some of the defeated soldiers were also brought back as slaves and normally brought in a lot of money and this could also serve as an alternative to imprisoning them or killing them. Fathers could also go on and sell their children into slavery if they had a need for money and this was actually lawful. The abandoned children on the streets could also be brought up as slaves. Slaves were brought in from all over Europe and the Mediterranean especially among the Germans, Thracians, Celts and Eastern Mediterranean. It was against the law to enslave Roman citizens or Italians living in Gallia Cisalpina. New slaves were acquired first by wholesalers who dealt directly with the Roman armies. Many of these dealers were Jewish in origin and slavery trade served as their main source of livelihood for the Roman Jews. Julius Ceasar once sold the whole populace of a conquered region in Gaul of almost 53000 people to slave traders at a go. Slaves were sold at public auctions within the empire or in shops and the most valuable were sold by private sales. The sales were overseen by Roman fiscal officials called Quaestors. Sometimes the traders built revolving stands where the slaves stood and they hung around their necks a plaque describing each slave in terms of their origin, health, intelligence, character and any other information that would help the buyer make a sale. Prices were usually pegged on age and strength and some sales have been documented to have fetched thousands of dollars in todays dollars. The dealers gave a six months guarantee if the slave showed any defects that were not stated at the time of the sale by taking back the slave or returning the buyers money. Slaves that were sold without a guarantee were made to wear a cap at the time of the auction. The experiences of slaves generally varied with the place and the person who owned them. There were many reports of abuse and harsh treatment given to slaves though it is not possible to indicate how widespread this was at the time. Cato the Elder was recorded as saying that he expelled any old and sick slaves within his household. Some defeated soldiers usually chose to commit suicide rather than be taken into slavery by the Romans. Seneca who was a Roman writer held the view that a well treated slave performed better than a mistreated slave. An example of different experience by slaves would be that of Cicero who had a slave called Tiro. Tiro was Ciceros secretary, confidant editor and right-hand man. After Ciceros death Tiro went on to publish a number of Ciceros speeches since he had known where they had kept them. Tiro also wrote the biography of Cicero, a grammar book and a book on philosophical questions and also invented a new type of shorthand that he had used to take notes from Cicero. Ciceros brother and his family were very close to Tiro and when Tiro had been taken ill before, his master; Cicero had literally taken care of him like he would have his own child. Ciceros son, Marcus, often wrote to Tiro whenever he needed any advice and the two had a relationship more of an uncle and nephew rather than that of a young lord and family slave. In 53BCE, Cicero freed Tiro. On that day Ciceros brother Quintos wrote him a letter of congratulations that read,: I am truly grateful for what you have done about Tiro, in judging his former condition to be below his deserts and preferring us to have him as a friend rather than a slave. Believe me, I jumped for joy when I read your letter and his. Thank you, and congratulations. [Tr. K. Bradley, Slavery and Society at Rome]. Scholars believe that Tiro may have turned 50 on the day he was freed. This relationship raises many questions about slavery, why did it take Cicero so many years too free Tiro if he had noted for all those years how loyal and true Tiro was? Most compelling of all, if you grew up in a world where the social institution of slavery was normal, even normative, how could one recognize the human dignity of any slave? As many enemies as slaves was common proverb heard throughout Roman lands. Most citizens believed there was a constant danger of servile insurrection, which had more than once seriously threatened the republic, and as such this justified the severest measures in self-defense. They used the law of collective responsibility: if a slave killed his master, the authorities put all of the slaves in that household to death. Slaves who misbehaved have been known to be beaten, burned with an iron or sometimes even killed, regardless of their age or sex although most slaves were usually males. Slaves normally sought freedom by escaping their homes. Historian Moses Finley noted as such, fugitive slaves are almost an obsession in the sources. Harboring of fugitive slaves in Rome was illegal and professional slave-catchers were hired to hunt down runaways. Advertisements were posted everywhere which provided descriptions of escaped slaves, and offered rewards in some cases. When caught, fugitives were brutally punished and branded on the forehead with the letter F, for fugitivus. Sometimes slaves had a metal collar riveted around the neck and such a collar was preserved in Rome and states in Latin, I have run away. Catch me. If you take me back to my master Zoninus, youll be rewarded. The legal status of slaves in ancient Rome was well defined. First and foremost slaves were property and their owners exercised dominium over slaves. Dominium was the absolute right to dispose of and control the use of a piece of property. Secondly, slaves could have no family. Any children conceived of the slaves automatically became slaves and mothers chose to kill their babies rather than expose them to slavery. Slaves formed families but they had no legal authority to protect these relationships. Third, a slave by all definition had no honor and dignity and the essence of being a slave was the inability to protect ones body. A slave was also defined by the absence of the right to a fair trial and appeal before suffering any physical punishment. Owners could beat slaves as they wished and even demand for sexual relations with slaves of either sex. The mere experience of a state in which an individual could not protect his own body from abuse was inherently and permanently degradin g. As in the case of Tiro and Cicero, Tiro was still a slave in spite of all the respect and loyalty he received from his master and his family. No-one is sure how many slaves existed in the Roman Empire. Even after Rome has passed it days of greatness, it is thought that 25% of all people in Rome were slaves. Slavery in the Roman Empire did not suddenly end, but it was slowly replaced when new economic forces introduced other forms of cheap labor.

As I Lay Dying1 Essay -- Essays Papers

As I Lay Dying1 William Faulkner uses language in a unique way in his novel As I Lay Dying. Language is a form of expression to show thoughts and emotions. Faulkner uses it to convey the individual characters’ thoughts and feelings. He also uses it to draw a line between language and true expression. He shows the limitations of language and the difference between language and words. As I Lay Dying covers the story of a family as they journey to bury the mother, Addie, in her hometown after her death. They all go through the same situations but each experience different emotions and thoughts. They express these through the language they use. What each character says as well as how he/she says it lets the reader see the character'’ underlying meaning. Through Faulkner’s technique of letting each person involved speak in the first person, language takes on an important role in understanding the characters. Darl is an example of the power of language due to him having the most chapters as narrator. His language is more clear and reflective than the other speakers are are. He uses similes and metaphors like the horse to represent his mother. Dewey Dell is different than the rest of her family. Instead of just reporting facts or describing she uses language to express her true feelings. Language is personal to her and demonstrates its power. An example of this is when she describes how the doctor â€Å"could do so much for me if he just would† and how he â€Å"is a ...

Humans Did Not Cause Global Warming Environmental Sciences Essay

In the universe we live in today, we are ever looking for a opportunity to indicate a finger and name person to fault. And recently they have told us that the incrimination rests to a great extent on our shoulders. However, this clip we are non the guilty 1s. And today my spouse and I will turn out that to you. We shall demo you that this clip human existences are guiltless. That they can non manus whomp us into a rubric of incrimination based on an thought that our opposition seems to believe. We shall demo that there are two sides to everything and hopefully you will recognize that you have been earnestly misled. And that worlds are non ever the destroyers in every state of affairs. Our thesis is that recent addition in atmosphere CO2 is non chiefly caused or due to human activity. For our first statement we believe that, natural causes such as vents emanations and atoms of dust that can be released by vents into the ambiance. Animal respiration, decay and workss can every bit good make more CO2 than human activity can. For our 2nd statement we believe the nature consequence of H2O vapour and organic affair diminution makes CO2 in the atmosphere worse. For our 3rd statement, we would wish to explicate that the Earth is wobbly, so it does non revolve in a accurate nor even manner. Therefore far it creates atmospheric alterations on its ain. Merely by its uneven rotary motion around the Sun. â€Å" Harmonizing to the IPCC, 150 billion metric tons of C go into the ambiance from natural procedures every twelvemonth. This is about 30 times the sum of C worlds emit. † hypertext transfer protocol: //www.grist.org/article/natural-emissions-dwarf-human-emissions A When speaking about natural causes that admit CO2, you could easy convey up things such as vent emanations, and carnal respiration/decay. So many focal point obviously on human emanations and yet what about natures class? Volcanoes entirely can breathe 230 million dozenss of CO2 into our ambiance in a individual twelvemonth. Something every bit small as a little sum of vent exhausts can drastically alter the sum of CO2 in the ambiance as we know it. â€Å" Volcanic eruptions normally contain a figure of harmful gases like C dioxide, S dioxide, H2O vapour, H sulphide, H fluoride, H chloride, C monoxide, halocarbon and metal chlorides. The H chloride and H fluoride nowadays in volcanic eruptions are of import subscribers to acid rain. These compounds get dissolved in H2O droplets, present in clouds and so fall back on Earth as acid rain. â€Å" hypertext transfer protocol: //www.buzzle.com/articles/effects-of-volcanoes.html Now merely conceive of all these harmful elements eating off at our ambiance and destructing it? We merely have one ambiance and with all those gases from something like a vent. A thing that is portion of nature itself that is really endangering the Earth and our being every bit good. But that ‘s merely the thing. Vents do non merely harm us, but they every bit good harm all the workss on the land. And with the emanation of lava and ash autumn. It can run things such as trees, flowers and harvests. Another non- anthropogenic cause is really animals themselves. In fact animate beings can do around 57 billion dozenss of CO2 emanations of all time individual twelvemonth, merely by take a breathing. Animal decay every bit good plays a large portion in CO2 emanations. When a animate being dies it ‘s organic structure releases C dioxide into the air. And when the animate being happens to be in the ocean, it sinks to the underside and releases much more carbon dioxide. This mean s that organic structures of H2O, such as lakes and oceans every bit good have carbon dioxide within them. Plants every bit good let go of C dioxide into the air. Though they do adsorb CO2 utilizing photosynthesis, at dark they use up the O and merely let go of C dioxide. This is another procedure that is known as, â€Å" respiration. † In the spring and autumn clip there is a batch more C dioxide in the air, ( most a consequence from natural causes ) because a batch of workss, animate beings and dead algae are disintegrating. Because most died during the winter clip. This all happens in a rhythm, when the non life and populating organisms exchange C between each other, it is known as â€Å" The Carbon Cycle. †A Mentions:hypertext transfer protocol: //www.grist.org/article/natural-emissions-dwarf-human-emissions hypertext transfer protocol: //www.buzzle.com/articles/effects-of-volcanoe.html hypertext transfer protocol: //www.personal.psu.edu/jam5646/edgloo/project2.html hypertext transfer protocol: //www.geocraft.com/WVFossils/greenhouse_data.html hypertext transfer protocol: //encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/carbon+cycle hypertext transfer protocol: //tellus.ssec.wisc.edu/outreach/teach/ideas/kotoski/Minifact_Sheets/Minifact6_Carbon_Dioxide.pdf A † How much does H2O vapor amplify CO2 warming? Without any feedbacks, a doubling of CO2 would warm the Earth around 1A °C. Taken on its ain, H2O vapour feedback approximately doubles the sum of CO2 warming. When other feedbacks are included ( eg – loss of reflective powers due to runing ice ) , the entire heating from a doubling of CO2 is about 3A °C † – hypertext transfer protocol: //www.skepticalscience.com/water-vapor-greenhouse-gas.htm A Water vapour which is a natural cause does hold a really large impact on our ambiance. It warms the Earth in a certain manner. And can duplicate the consequence that CO2 on its ain seems to hold. In fact when C dioxide increases, it allows H2O vapour to come in the ambiance easier. These two nursery gases work manus and manus when sing the Earth ‘s ambiance. And because of that H2O vapour makes the effects that CO2 manner more worse than they CO2 is on it ‘s ain. The organic affair diminution as good is impacting the CO2 degrees. Organic affair has to make with the natural stuffs that can be found in dirt. â€Å" Organic affair is the fraction of things that one time lived, including works and animate being remains, cells and tissues, works roots and dirt bugs. † -http: //www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/_data/assets/pdf_file/0016/41641/Organic_matter.pdf Organic affair is a beginning of nutrient for things such as workss, because it holds a batch of foods. When added to regular dirt it helps the works to be in a better status than it already was. Organic affair is better for a works because it can absorb more H2O than regular dirt can. In fact it can keep about six times its regular weight in H2O. Which means in desert like topographic points it can do a works last longer and utilize much less H2O often. Because of its diminution, when the dirt in the organic affair ‘s decays, it is let go ofing more and more C dioxide into the ambiance. Since these dirts contain dead organisms it holds twice the sum of C that happens to be held in our ambiance. In Europe ‘s dirt alone it is said to incorporate 75 billion dozenss of organic C, merely by organic affair.A Mentions:hypertext transfer protocol: //www.skepticalscience.com/water-vapor-greenhouse-gas.htm hypertext transfer protocol: //www.geocraft.com/WVFossils/greenhouse_data.html hypertext transfer protocol: //www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0016/41641/Organic_matter.pdf hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/vapor_warming.html hypertext transfer protocol: //www.slate.com/id/2182564/ hypertext transfer protocol: //soco.jrc.ec.europa.eu/documents/ENFactSheet-03.pdf â€Å" As the Earth spins, it does non accomplish perfect rotary motion. It really wobbles somewhat, therefore alternately exposing the northern and southern latitudes to more and less solar radiation. This wobble in the Earth ‘s rotary motion has been doing alterations in the temperature of the ambiance for many 1000000s of old ages. † – hypertext transfer protocol: //www.acoolerclimate.com/global-warming-natural-causes.html A If the Earth is so inaccurate, how could be perchance be certain that everything that is go oning is something that we cause. It is perchance that we may be wholly off on what precisely is in our ambiance in the first topographic point. And because the Earth takes it upon itself to drastically alter the ambiance, there could be unexplained clime alteration. This means that it can convey unaccountable conditions to different topographic points. Such as doing a warmer topographic point like Africa colder and a colder topographic point like as Antarctica heater. Therefore far, this is another natural cause that can turn out to be much more fatal than human activity. It affects non merely human life, but carnal life and even works life. â€Å" Reasonably unstable orbit of our planet as a chief ground why the Earth experiences mass clime alteration and associated extinctions. The Earth ‘s rickety orbit could regularly signal alterations that finally prove fatal to about all species of workss and animate beings populating at a given clip. † -http: //www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,891454,00.html

Holden’s depression by J.D Salinger Essay

According to Psychiatric News the depression rate of a normal 16 year old is 11.5%. Holden Caulfield was apart of that 11.5% because he is disconnected with his family, is drinking heavily and is trying to experience sexual relations with older women. In Catcher in the Rye, J.D Salinger uses Holden’s interactions with his family, alcohol and sexuality to demonstrate his depression. This story describes that with Holden’s brother, Allie passing away it makes his depression rate go higher but lowers as he ‘talks’ to him. â€Å"I felt so depressed, you can’t even imagine. What I did, I started talking, sort of out loud to Allie,†(98) said Holden. This shows that whenever Holden would feel down and depressed that the only person to go to was his brother, Allie. This was a way of comfort for Holden throughout the story. There are more incidents when Holden felt depressed and just talked to his dead brother, Allie, which is Salinger’s way to demonstrate his depression. Alcohol demonstrates Holden’s depression also. â€Å"There isn’t any nightclub in the world you can sit in for a long time unless you can at least buy some liquor and get drunk of unless you’re with some girl that really knocks you out,† said Holden which describes that with the word usage of â€Å"at least buy some liquor and get drunk† meant that for him to have a good time he would need to be drunk to have fun. Also, the words â€Å"unless you’re with some girl that really knocks you out† explains that not just being drunk at a nightclub would make him enjoy himself but just having someone to talk to would also help to get rid of the loneliness. Being alone and needing someone to talk to, links back to Holden’s depression issues. Lastly, Holden is mostly saddened by his sexual relationships with older women. Holden’s quote â€Å"don’t you feel like talking for a while†(124) , lets the reader know that he is scared and doesn’t really want to have sex with Sunny and just needed someone to talk to. Holden wanted to keep the conversation going but could not because Sunny was a prostitute and was only there for the money, not for conversation. The words â€Å"don’t you feel like†¦Ã¢â‚¬  shows that Holden is just asking questions, trying to prevent Sunny from doing her job or ignoring the real reason she was there. This shows that Holden only asked Maurice to send up a girl for him so he would have someone to talk to since he could not talk to his mom about his problems since she wasn’t around. As a result, he tries to connect with other older women instead. Salinger uses Holden’s attraction to older women to demonstrate the extent of his depression and need t o have someone to give a listening ear. Catcher in the Rye demonstrates Holden’s depression by J.D Salinger’s usage of his family, alcohol and sexuality. These quotes all show that his use of alcohol, sexual relationships and the lack of family all contributed to Holden’s depression. His is one of the many teenage depression cases that make up the 11.5% of the nation’s depression rate.

BLerah Essay Example

BLerah Essay Example BLerah Paper BLerah Paper As you read Wunderlis Peasant Fires, please keep the following in mind. They will form the basis for our discussion of the book, and your writing assignment will cover the same material. Who was Hans Behem? What is his story, and why is it important? Hans Behem lived in an enchanted world. Explain this statement. What were the characteristics of this world? How did medieval peasants understand time? The supernatural? Why might they have thought this way? What was Carnival? What happened? Why was it necessary? Why was it dangerous? Why was the Carnival of 1476 particularly roblematic? Consider Carnival from the point of view of both the elites and peasants. What was it like to be a peasant in fifteenth-century Germany? Explain the peasant worldview as described by Wunderli. What was the relationship between individuals and communities? How did wealth and resources factor into this relationship? Explain the relationship between institutional and popular religion in fifteenth century society. What prompted the great pilgrimage to Niklashausen? Who went? What did they hope to gain? How did the authorities both secular and eligious react to Hans Behem, his message and those who followed him? Why did they react this way? What are the connections between this material and the plague sources we Just read? How does the story of Hans Behem illustrate the long-term ramifications of the Black Death? As you read Wunderlis Peasant Fires, please keep the following in mind. They will form the basis for our discussion of the book, and your writing assignment will cover the same material. ramifications of the Black Death? As you read Wunderlis Peasant Fires, please keep ramifications of the Black Death?

Epicyon - Facts and Figures

Epicyon - Facts and Figures Name: Epicyon (Greek for more than a dog); pronounced EPP-ih-SIGH-on Habitat: Plains of North America Historical Epoch: Middle-Late Miocene (15-5 million years ago) Size and Weight: About five feet long and 200-300 pounds Diet: Meat Distinguishing Characteristics: Large size; quadrupedal posture; big-cat-like head About Epicyon Possibly the largest prehistoric dog that ever lived, Epicyon was a true canid, belonging to the same general family as wolves, hyenas and modern dogs- and was thus a different beast altogether from the non-canid creodont mammals (typified by the giant Sarkastodon) that ruled the North American plains for millions of years before the Miocene epoch. The largest species of Epicyon weighed in the neighborhood of 200 to 300 pounds- as much as, or more than, a full-grown humanand it possessed unusually powerful jaws and teeth, which made its head look more like that of a big cat than a dog or wolf. However, paleontologists dont know much about Epicyons feeding habits:  this megafauna mammal  may have hunted alone or in packs, and it may even have subsisted exclusively on already-dead carcasses, like  a modern hyena. Epicyon is known by three species, all of which were discovered in western North America in the course of the 19th and 20th centuries. The lightest variant, Epicyon saevus, was named by the famous American paleontologist Joseph Leidy, and for a time was classified as a species of Aelurodon; adults only weighed about 100 pounds fully grown. E. haydeni was also named by Leidy, and has been synonymized not only with Aelurodon, but with the even more obscure Osteoborus and Tephrocyon as well; this was the largest Epicyon species, weighing more than 300 pounds. The most recent addition to the Epicyon family, E. aelurodontoides, was discovered in Kansas in 1999; you can tell by its species name that it was also close kin to Aelurodon!

How to Grow Black Crystals

How to Grow Black Crystals This crystal growing recipe produces black crystals. You can make them solid black like black diamonds, or translucent black like smoky quartz. Materials Black food coloring is used to make black crystals. While this crystal recipe calls for borax, you could grow black sugar crystals or rock candy, if you prefer. The black pipe-cleaner is not essential, but it provides a good surface for crystal growth and is not visible underneath the dark crystals. BoraxHot waterWide mouth jar or glassBlack pipe-cleanersBlack food coloring Directions Bend the black pipe-cleaner into any shape you like, as long as it will fit inside the glass or jar you are using to grow the crystals. Bend an end of the pipe-cleaner over a pencil or butter knife so that the shape will be hanging inside the jar. Try to keep the pipe-cleaner shape from touching the sides or bottom of the container. Remove the shape and set it aside.Prepare the crystal growing solution. Fill the jar with boiling water. Stir borax into the water a little at a time until it stops dissolving. You will need about 3 tablespoons of borax for each cup of water. It is fine if a small amount of undissolved borax remains on the bottom of the container.Stir in 5 to 10 drops of black food coloring. A smaller number of drops will produce translucent black crystals. If you use a lot of black food coloring, you can get solid black crystals.Place the pipe-cleaner shape in the jar. Allow the crystals to grow several hours or overnight. Try to avoid disturbing the crystals. You wont b e able to see into the jar to see how they are doing. Wait several hours before checking on their progress. When you are satisfied with the crystals, remove them and hang them or set them on a paper towel to dry. The black food coloring can stain your hands, clothing, and furniture.

Demand and Supply Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Demand and Supply Paper - Essay Example This people interact in the market freely, or at the time there is intervention by the government or local authority (Welbourn 2007). The forces of demand supply come together and make up the market equilibrium. If the supply of a certain good or service is too high, this will push the price for that particular good or service downwards. If there is too much demand in the market surpassing the supply, the prices of the goods or service will go up (Welbourn 2007). This is because their will be too much money chasing too little goods. For the market to be in equilibrium the forces of demand, have to come together. This will help to determine the price of a particular good or service. To help take in this concept, I have decided to elaborate the concept of demand and supply using a good that most people cannot do without. Toothpaste. Most people tend to be extremely uncomfortable when they do not brush their teeth using toothpaste. The dentists also recommend people to brush their teeth with toothpaste at least twice in a day. This makes toothpaste a vital commodity in every household. QQuantity The above are the demand and supply curves for toothpaste. The demand curve is determined by plotting price on the y-axis and quantity on the x-axis. Since tooth paste is packed in different sachets containing different quantities. One can obtain this information in the local supermarkets. We take the different quantities of toothpaste and the amount they sold for. Through this method, one can easily come up with the demand curve for toothpaste. The same process is to be followed so as to determine the supply curve. The curve obtained by plotting the quantity on the x-axis and price on the y-axis (Welbourn 2007). Equilibrium is the point where the demand and supply curve intersect. In our case indicates no allocative inefficiency. The equilibrium price is P while the equilibrium price will be Q. This, however, is not static as the prices of toothpaste are constantly changi ng. These fluctuations have an effect on demand and supply curves. This will in turn affect the equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity (Klein 2011). In our case, however, the markets are not in perfect equilibrium. This is because there might be excess demand or supply of toothpaste in the market. Another reason might also be that the market does not entirely depend on demand or supply forces to determine the market price (Welbourn 2007. There will be government intervention through taxes, licenses and various other regulations put in place by the government. There are two economic theories that may be used to explain this phenomenon. The first one is the theory of demand, and the other one is the theory of supply (Adil 2006). The theory explains the relationship between the goods demanded by the consumer and the prices. The more a good supplied in excess, in the market then the price for the good or service will drop. This will also have an effect on the equilibrium price as it will also drop. The other theory is that of supply theory. This theory explains that when consumers are in need of a product. That is the supply does not meet the consumers demand than the prices of that commodity increases. In other words, whenever the supply of a commodity is too much the price of a product will decrease (Klein 2011). For the market to be in perfect equilibrium, the following has to happen. The cost of production for any good or service should be constant. This

What is good sex Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

What is good sex - Term Paper Example It fills their heart with love and most definitely proves one’s feelings towards another person. Experienced and skilled touch of a partner wouldn’t leave woman a reason to doubt whether she is important for him. Her soul struggles for love, and this desire may be satisfied only by passionate attention and inseparableness of the partner. As for men, most of them see in sex the opportunity to get rid of irritation. Sex allows them to reawaken their passion and affection to the woman. Still, it is widely spread that men cannot understand the main aim of their efforts: they consider female orgasm to be their main purpose and their victory (Henry, 1981). Warm and humid answer of her womb is exciting, electrifying and awakens the deepest fibers of man’s being. The gates of Paradise are opened, he got his way! Woman is satisfied, and it gives a man the reason to feel that she learned everything about his love and paid tribute to his efforts. That is why to get the physical pleasure you need to have a contact with your partners body as much as you want and need, though sometimes it may seem to be the wrong place or intensity or you may think that your partner dont need it. Sometimes we cannot explain our needs and desires to a partner because of the elementary confusion. We are afraid of offending a partner or seeming to be dissolute perverts. Hence the lack of moral satisfaction comes: if we cannot talk to the partner about how we would like to make our sex, we feel offended and receive less pleasure. Gradually, this feeling is being collected and poured into a quarrel, and we (as well as our partner) may be even not aware and conscious about what was the real cause of such misunderstanding (Philpott, 2006). Kiss is one of the key components of sexuality and makes the sex be really good. It is difficult to imagine sexual game without kissing; the touch of the lips often gives a lot more emotions than sex itself. It is considered, that

Annotated Bibliography Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Annotated Bibliography - Assignment Example Reason for declining the version Ratterman’s account is due to the then period’s involvement of government officials into funding and strategically backing varied organized crimes. The focus of this source touches on crime, justice and its context of Kentucky’s history. This was during a time of heightened organized crime fueled by government of the day through corruption. It is a primary source outlining how the government despite through its respective authorities seemed to curb the period’s crime actually fueled. I am strongly convinced based on the content of this source it will be helpful in my paper. This is because I will use it to elaborate how the government played a significant role in enhancing crime and crime’s role towards development of Kentucky’s history led by a corrupt government. I do agree with this primary source due to its relevance information that is also evident in other similar sources more the image source, which depicts utter pretence and effort by securities in curbing organized crime. Linduff, Jim., Klein, Roy & Trapp, Larry. 2012. â€Å"When Vice Was King: A History Of Northern Kentucky Gambling 1920-1970.† Accessed 8Th April 2014. In this secondary source, authors trace the history of crime in the N. Kentucky with much emphasis on bootlegging operation. Hence, being relevance to the field of study that I have chosen whereby I believe the source will be helpful in backing varied historical arguments about justice and crime. This is because it will act as an historical source starting from 1920s up to 70s, whereby the latter encompasses the scope of the study’s focus. I do concur with the content outlined in this study, which ranges from prostitution, bootlegging operations to other vices that enhanced crime

Role and Functions of Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Role and Functions of Law - Essay Example According to Reference.com (2007), law is defined as: â€Å"rules of conduct of any organized society, however simple or small, that are enforced by threat of punishment if they are violated. Modern law has a wide sweep and regulates many branches of conduct.† Law is the set of rules that help government in governing the conduct, social behavior, handle disputes, conflicts and deal with crime. Based on its role, law is classified into various categories like: criminal, civil, labor law. These play a major role in the society and its institutions. Criminal law has the powers to prosecute a criminal for an action that is deemed or defined as crime according to the letter of law. It has nothing to do with ethics or moral. It is not personal neither religious. It is objective and lays common law for all citizens of a country. Legislatures frame law by passing acts, bills and statutes. There are laws that govern the social and constitutional rights of each individual. They ensure safety and security of the citizens. Under civil law a citizen can file a suit for a compensation, etc. There are also guidelines in the form of procedural law that guides the jurisdictions of various courts. They detail on the trial methods and judgments. Different branches of law specialize in unique institutional and behavioral aspects of the society. It is the constitution of any country that delegates powers to various heads and sectors within the government. For instance, the US constitution Article II gives the president the executive power and it also states the powers of the US Supreme court and other Federal courts (Mallor and Barnes, pg. 54). This decides the powers of jurisdiction of various courts like appellate courts, state courts and trails courts, etc. It also says the extent to which state legislatures can exert their powers. In discussing the role that lawyers play in our society, Norman Redlich, Dean at New York

Holy Mosque of Mecca Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Holy Mosque of Mecca - Essay Example It is covered with silk. Pilgrims must, as their first duty, walk or run around the Ka’ba seven times murmuring prayers. It can be seen in the courtyard a particular well in which pious Mohammed is said to have dipped linen that is later made into shrouds. The hill of Arafat is hold with greatest reverence by pilgrims. It lies about thirteen miles east of Mecca. All those who make the pilgrimage to the Holy City go to Arafat. They travel on foot, donkeys, horses, and camels. Some caravans have two kinds of camels: one is for carrying baggage and other provisions, while the other bears the name â€Å"shugdufs† and is decorated with tents of carpets and curtains which protect the riders from the sun. Millions of Moslems flock to Mecca, just like centuries ago, beginning the month of December. During the Haj, streets are crowded as people continually come in filling the Haram mosque like a balloon growing larger up to its bursting point. With the growing number of followers and the increasing architectural and engineering possibilities, The Great Mosque of al-Haram is still on the path of restructuring and redesigning until today without losing its commodity, firmness, and delight – the elements of architecture. However, although great Moslem populations are open to constructions and renovations, the believers strictly adhere to their belief and strong Islamic culture and the 21st century architecture and methods of construction being implemented on the Great Mosque of al-Haram clearly threatens Islamic culture and belief. Architecture is known by many not only as a course in tertiary education and a profession that brings a promising career but an art of building. As Sir Henry Wotton said in The Elements of Architecture, published posthumously in 1651, it must possess â€Å"commodity, firmness, and delight;† in

Managing Organizational Change Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Managing Organizational Change - Term Paper Example Through this report the necessity of a change in organization will be uncovered. Along with it the forces which are responsible for the change will be also identified. Once the requirement of a change is identified the most important task is to implement it successfully. Change is a continuous process and involves several stages. A successful change passes through a number of sequential stages. In simple words, change is defined as the way of making things different. In the context of an organization, change is considered as inevitable. Nowadays, organizations operate in a dynamic business environment and to get adapted with the situation they are forced to implement changes in their system (El-Farra & Badawi, 2012, p.161). The major forces of change in an organization are mainly technological factor, political factor, economical factor, legal factor, social factor, and most importantly the labor market environment (Lewis, 2011, p.5). According to Barney & Griffin (1992), the primary rationale behind the poor performance and reduced productivity of an organization is the failure of the managers to properly identify required change. Therefore to some extent change within organizations is necessary otherwise the organizations may find it difficult to survive in the marketplace. Throughout the world organizations have to deal with certain internal resistance which prohibits the implementation of change. Therefore managing the change or properly implementing the change within the organization is of utmost importance. This report will highlight the rationale behind the organizational change. Apart from that the forces which are responsible for making the changes will also be highlighted. In addition, the project will also shed light on the type of changes, the resistances to changes and how the change can be properly managed and sustained. Finally, based on the findings from the study a conclusion will be drawn. Rationales behind Organizational Change Change is important for any organization as without any change, businesses are likely to lose the competitive edge and eventually fail to meet the needs of the customers. The principal rationale of an organization to embrace change in their current state is mainly the customer needs, economical impact, and growt h opportunities among others. Economical Impact: - Economy can impact an organization, both in a positive and negative way. Increasing demand and a strong economy indicates that the company needs to expand thereby facilitating a change in the organization. Customer Needs: - Companies need to change their strategies in order to meet the multi dimensional need of the customers. Opportunities of Growth: - One of the most significant rationales behind implementing change in organizations is the opportunity of growth. Employees are able to learn new skills, and can explore opportunities in order to exercise their creativity. This in turn helps organizations to increase their productivity (Hagel, 2002, p.18). Forces of Organizational Change Organizations change due to a number of forces operating in its environment. The forces are both internal as well as external to the organization. Any change in these factors

Holy Mosque of Mecca Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Holy Mosque of Mecca - Essay Example It is covered with silk. Pilgrims must, as their first duty, walk or run around the Ka’ba seven times murmuring prayers. It can be seen in the courtyard a particular well in which pious Mohammed is said to have dipped linen that is later made into shrouds. The hill of Arafat is hold with greatest reverence by pilgrims. It lies about thirteen miles east of Mecca. All those who make the pilgrimage to the Holy City go to Arafat. They travel on foot, donkeys, horses, and camels. Some caravans have two kinds of camels: one is for carrying baggage and other provisions, while the other bears the name â€Å"shugdufs† and is decorated with tents of carpets and curtains which protect the riders from the sun. Millions of Moslems flock to Mecca, just like centuries ago, beginning the month of December. During the Haj, streets are crowded as people continually come in filling the Haram mosque like a balloon growing larger up to its bursting point. With the growing number of followers and the increasing architectural and engineering possibilities, The Great Mosque of al-Haram is still on the path of restructuring and redesigning until today without losing its commodity, firmness, and delight – the elements of architecture. However, although great Moslem populations are open to constructions and renovations, the believers strictly adhere to their belief and strong Islamic culture and the 21st century architecture and methods of construction being implemented on the Great Mosque of al-Haram clearly threatens Islamic culture and belief. Architecture is known by many not only as a course in tertiary education and a profession that brings a promising career but an art of building. As Sir Henry Wotton said in The Elements of Architecture, published posthumously in 1651, it must possess â€Å"commodity, firmness, and delight;† in

An analysis of Shakespears Essay Example for Free

An analysis of Shakespears Essay The original sonnets were written by Francesco Petrarca in Italy. The word sonnet comes from the Italian word sonetto meaning little song. The Italian sonnet is made out 14 verses that are split into two parts. The first eight lines, called the octave, describe the problem while the six last lines, sestet, provides the solution. This form is different than English sonnets such as Shakespeare Sonnet 106. English sonnets still have 14 verses but they instead have three quatrains and one rhyming couplet. The first part, like the Italian sonnet, presents the problem. The second and third part complicated this situation further. Then the last part, the rhyming couplet, resolves the presented problem usually in a way that makes it a paradox. Sonnets are written in a strict rhyming and meter scheme. Iambic pentameter is used as a device in writing sonnets. This means that each line has ten syllables that alternate from hard to soft tones. The rhyming scheme for English sonnets is abab cdcd efef and gg for the rhyming couplet. We will be taking a look on Shakespeares Sonnet 106. Shakespeares sonnets are much different from Francesco Petrarcas sonnets. Petrarcas sonnets are about love and beauty while Shakespeares sonnets are mocking all the clichi s of the same thing. Shakespeares Sonnet 106 is a very beautiful sonnet about a lady. What I am assuming is a young man is telling this girl that her beauty is beyond description. He tells her all the writers before him, had premonitions about her and thats why you can find her beauty described in history books. The best lines, in my opinion, is I see their antique pen would have expressd even such a beauty as you master now. I think this line really sums up what Shakespeare is trying to express in the sonnet. I love that even though Shakespeares sonnets are about love, his sonnets are written in a non clichi way. He even mocks the clichi writers in his sonnet. Even though Shakespeares sonnets do not use clichi s, I think that his sonnets are the sweetest things I have ever read. The thing that makes Shakespeares sonnets complete is his choice of words and the technique he uses. Shakespeare describes everything unconventionally but in a genuine way. He explains history, for example, as chronicles of wasted time. In a way, this metaphor reflects the inner working of Shakespeares mind and shows us what his motivation behind his work was. In the sonnet, he shows us that beauty will eventually die and that literature will pass it on to the future. His use personification is very deep and meaningful, such as beauty making beautiful rhyme or antique pen cannot express I also love adjectives, such as lovely and divining eyes. These adjectives really set the tone of the sonnet, which is the essence of beauty and it being everlasting through the art of literature. Shakespeare was a genius of his day of age. His sonnets so intricate that it takes hours just to properly analyze one of them. His non-clichi writing style gave his work a little more pizzazz to his work. He expanded on the idea of the Italian sonnet and made it his own. Shakespeare wrote over 150 sonnets, all them unique in their own way. Shakespeare opens up his mind on paper and tells us the world as it is.

Using Social Media to Improve Food Safety

Using Social Media to Improve Food Safety Catalin Aricescu Abstract The Food and Drug Administration is an organization mandated to oversee the food and drug safety within the United States. On the other hand, information technology is growing fast and the agency needs to implement better means of communication especially with its participants from consumers to food sources. This study is a pilot research utilizing online survey to comprehend the feasibility of social media use for the improvement of the American food safety system. The results of the study show that more research is necessary as the social media users are mainly young and educated adults and they play an imperative role in the quick dissemination of preventive information, as well as food recall notices, in a manner that is likely to be heard or read widely. Therefore, it would be essential for the American Food and Drug Administration to incorporate social media into its main strategy. Introduction This pilot study was conducted to find out whether the food regulatory agencies such as the Food Safety and Inspection Service and the Food and Drug Administration should consider using social media as a means of improving the food safety system. According to Lang, Barling, Caraher, (2011) the utilization of social networking in organizations is emerging. On the other hand, Seo, Almanza, Miao, Behnke, (2015) affirm that the strategic use of social media in public firms is yet to be studied in great depth. According to Lang, Barling, Caraher, (2011), the exchange of food information and knowledge on food hazard is a form of vulnerability communication in food and safety procedures. Having considered the major characteristics of a food safety system, this pilot study aimed at proofing those effective and efficient food safety procedures are through the adoption of social media use by various regulatory bodies. The agenda may be attained by bringing together organizations and individuals representing various backgrounds. Background Public Policy and Food Safety According to the Consumers Union (2013), the Food and Drug Administration is an institution that is supposed to be a consumers watchdog. However, the agency has fallen short of its mandate. In the U.S., companies that supply processed foods often do not have the capacity to guarantee ingredient safety. Labs (2013) sustains that most of the American corporations do not even know the people or companies that supply their ingredients. Additionally, they do not know whether those suppliers ingredients are screened for microbes or other potentially harmful microorganisms. Recently, the main public policy strategic focus on food safety has been control. One of the strategies used to achieve control is through food recalls. Mayer and Harris (2012) say that food recalls often occur due to quality, physical or biological contamination. The Department of Agriculture, the FDA manufacturer, or the distributor can initiate a recall (Labs, 2013). For food recalls to occur fast, there should be a proper and effective means of message dissemination. Rapid information dissemination makes it easier to trace the data to know whether those affected have obtained the information on the withdrawal. On the other hand, Seo, Almanza, Miao, Behnke, 2015 state the Food Safety Modernization Act is trying to change food safety management from reaction to prevention. Lang, Barling, and Caraher (2011) also state that more groups are involved in the nations food safety program. For instance, the United States Food Safety Working Group implemented innovative strategies for the American food safety system. The FSWG is a group that is focused on the modernization of the food safety system especially through partnerships with regulatory agencies, the food industry, and consumers. The FSWG suggested a better route to freedom from fear of food safety to safe food through improved food systems. Consequently, the FSWG is based on three principles that are strengthening surveillance, prioritizing prevention and improvement of response and recovery. Using social media for food safety According to Mayer (2013), proper food recalling forms of communications are still in the infancy stage. Collier (2011) maintains that both subjective norms and attitudes have an impact on consumers and their intent to act in accordance with a food recall. Attitudes have a greater impact on the peoples ability to comply. Subjective norms and attitudes can be found on social networks. Consequently, social networks are imperative, according to Deasy (2012), and the role of social media is imperative in public policy. Mayer (2013) also suggests that regulatory bodies should emphasize the need to use social media. The use of social media is essential as it involves bringing together heterogeneous groups that form a social network. A social network is easier to coordinate when trying to identify food hazards as well as spread any form of food recall information (Karp, Baur, Atwill, De Master, Gennet, Iles, Kremen, 2015). Apart from using its website, the FDA could incorporate social networking strategies to enable it reach more consumers especially when required to recall certain products from a market. Taylor, and Sklamberg (2016) state that the FDA website offers information or announcements on all forms of recalls. Additionally, consumers can obtain e-mails after requesting to receive alerts on the website. Consumers that have food problems can report on the website, as the FDA has employed complaint coordinators within FDA district offices, to receive all forms of food complaints (Taylor Sklamberg, 2016). Furthermore, the conventional news outlets in the nation can broadcast recall information. On the other hand, with the increased use of social media, it would be important for the news media and regulatory bodies to use social networks as a means of reaching a wider audience in a short time (Deasy, 2012). The social networks allow people to obtain information in real time while people may hear of a recall from a television or radio long after it was issued. For instance, Plum Organics is an organization that has voluntarily used social media to spread information on food. Labs (2013) states that people hearing negative news, such as a recall, that has a direct influence on them, will try to obtain information from informal networks. Additionally, Taylor Sklamberg (2016) say that people are more likely to participate in spreading the information when they believe that the negative event affects them directly and understand that the consequences are serious enough to call for an action. Freberg, Graham, McGaughey, Freberg, (2011) affirm that the consumers are important agents in spreading the information about a food recall that would effectively work online. Social media influencers are an essential part of the social networking and could help in the dissemination of information on food safety. According to Freberg, Graham, McGaughey, and Freberg (2011), consumers who use the social media such as tweets, blogs, or other platforms to spread a negative event are known as social media influencers. Social media influencers play an essential role in the creation of noise in the system and on most occasions, their credibility is questioned due to misinformation or distortion of information. On the other hand, Lang, Barling, Caraher (2011) state that social media could still be used for the improvement of the food safety system. Social media use can be imperative in the food system. As Karp, Baur, Atwill, De Master, et al. (2015) sustain, the system could adopt a strategy that could help in the exploitation of the social networks, especially the social media. The social media may not only expand the systems versatile ability, but also improve its information dissemination to the public as well as take preventive role through tapping into diverse and unutilized resources on food hazard issues. Lang, Barling, and Caraher (2011) add that information and communication technological improvements helped develop ways through which the public agencies can learn on potential food hazards fast. The public agency still needs to coordinate communication to maintain the systems integrity. However, the planned utilization of innovative technologies allows coordination with regulatory interventions efficiently (Lang, Barling, Caraher, 2011). In spreading negative news, the social networks have been used extensively. Deasy (2012) maintains that new communication technologies can be utilized as an essential part of the food system, allowing all participants to exchange information on food safety. However, Mayer (2013) states that little effort has been used to involve consumers as participants in food safety. Research on social network use within corporations is still emerging. However, little information is available on its strategic use within public firms (Collier, 2012). The main disadvantage in the use of social media in public firms is information distortions. According to Taylor, and Sklamberg (2016), information disseminated online can be easily manipulated to a certain degree, which (Collier, 2012) states could bring about naÃÆ' ¯ve learning. Online information is often asymmetrical. Consequently, individuals, and organizations could try to insert false information into the social networks. Lang, Barling, Caraher (2011) state that some companies may choose to alter the information with an aim of raising their competitions costs. Additionally, social media influencers may obtain an incentive to manipulate specific information to increase their popularity online. Taylor, and Sklamberg, (2016) say that efforts have been made to uncover such attempts but still no protection is available from such manipulation. Consequently, efforts to use the social network to pass information on food safety should be considered. Materials and Methods In the study, it was imperative to understand the current situation on public agency use of social media on food recalls. To comprehend the current situation within the United States it was important to carry out a survey, which was done between March 1 and March 9 2017. The survey aimed at focusing on the respondents attention. The main purpose of the study was to examine the responses on food recall. According to Deasy (2012), a food recall is the request to return an entire food production of a particular food product to the seller and it is usually done once safety issues are discovered. Social media use was common in this survey; consequently, the first question asked in the survey was: Which technological device do you use regularly (Computer, laptop, tablet or Smartphone)? The survey also includes two essential questions on product recall experiences. The questions were: Have you ever heard of a food recall? and How did you hear about the food recall? Seven demographic items followed the two questions. On the other hand, a participant that indicated she or he had never heard of a food recall, she or he automatically moved to next part of the survey. To obtain more information on personal experiences, the survey also included four scenarios that allowed the respondents to give more information. The first two circumstances dealt with the participants personal experiences particularly with food issues. The last two dealt with the recall announcements. Similar to the last section, anyone who has not experienced any scenario on food issues automatically moved to the next section. Table 1 Scenarios used in the survey First Scenario The experience of a main issue Have you ever eaten lunch at a restaurant and later ad a severe stomachache leading to diarrhea and forcing you to seek medical assistance? Second Scenario Experienced a minor problem Have you ever eaten at a restaurant and later had an upset stomach? Third Scenario Product you used recalled You bought a packaged lettuce and later heard its brand recalled on radio, television, newspaper or online Fourth Scenario Recall of a product you never used You heard a packaged lettuce recalled on radio, television, newspaper or online but you never use the brand The study was done on utilizing SurveyMonkey.Com, and it ended with three open-ended questions that included: Think of an occasion when you experienced a problem after eating at home or your favorite joint. Tell us the incident. How did you feel, what was your reaction, did anyone know of the problem? Did you seek medical attention? Did you change your eating or food buying pattern? Think of an occasion when you heard of a food recall. Tell us about the incident, how did you feel, what was your reaction, did anyone know of the incidence, did you change your eating or food purchasing patterns? Do you have any additional comments? Participants use of social media The participants showed their comprehension of food recall as well as having shared information on bad food experiences with coworkers, friends, and family through diverse social media platforms. The sharing of the information occurred under certain circumstances, for example, gravity of the issue or the person contacted. According to Lang, Barling, and Caraher (2011), social media use is common in age groups between 18-29 years and 30-49 years. In the results of the survey, the studied group was within the said age groups. In the study, we found that access to smart phones decreases with age while the use of computers, mainly desktop, increased with age. Additionally, the use of social media among the participants decreased with age, but varied in relation to the specific social media such as YouTube and Facebook, which are platforms common in all ages. In the study, 94.8% of the participants had heard of a food recall. Surprisingly, most of the participants had heard of the food recall through broadcast or print media. On the other hand, the younger participants especially those below 25 years had heard of the food recall on both broadcast media and social networks, while those above 25 years had heard of the food recall through broadcast and print media. The Concerns and Experiences of the Participants with Food Problems Most of the participants showed their concern for food safety especially on the participation of the government as well as organizations in monitoring the process successfully. The participants mentioned the need for Food and Drug Administration agencys participation in monitoring the food that people consume. The consumers also noted that there is an increased use of informal communication in food safety. On the other hand, they also expressed their concerns for the increased caution when using social networks as the main form of communication. Furthermore, they appreciated the need to obtain information on bad food. However, it should be mentioned that the person giving the information may have been self-diagnosing inaccurately. The participants mentioned the need to notify the authorities or the necessary bodies whenever there were food recalls after notifying friends and family. The participants had experienced the second Scenario more than the first scenario. Additionally, it was evident that the participants would tell others about the first scenario experience more than they would have in the second scenario. Moreover, more participants would have told others in the third scenario than they would have in the fourth scenario. Similar to previous studies, it was evident that more people were likely to tell others of a food recall if they used that product or had a severe experience from eating the food. The study also aimed at looking at any pattern on the responses. Therefore, Symphony software was used. On the other hand, a pattern did not exist as the participants mentioned different kinds of foods. Some of the foods mentioned included cereal, peanuts, beef, pizza, pork corn, fruit, chicken, lettuce, meat and chili, among others. The discovery of the patterns brought about the question: Who is more likely to inform others on a recall or experience on bad food using the social media? To obtain an answer to the question all participants that used any form of social platform for more than one of the scenarios were grouped together. The activity led to the conclusion that well-educated and young adults especially females were more likely to spread information of a food recall. Table 2 Gender Age Education Female 18-29 98 College graduate 85 Male 18-29 79 Advanced degree 87 Outcomes and Discussions The survey used a manageable sample of two hundred and fourteen respondents. Out of the 214, 212 responses were obtained from three universities. In the study, there were more female respondents than males. The respondents were aged between 18 and 29 years. All the participants were from diverse racial backgrounds, well educated, and were studying different courses at their universities. About 7.1% of the participants had attained their undergraduate education and were pursuing a higher level of education. More studies will be needed to obtain more conclusive information on the use of social networks for food safety. The results of this pilot study suggested that the utilization of social media as a modality of spreading the word on bad food would enable people to cope with the situation better, both cognitively and emotionally. The process would also help in the improvement of the food safety system. The differences that social media can create in improving food safety may be due to the fast dissemination of information using social media. Information sent by a relative, friend, or a close contact is more likely to be read, rather than general public information, spread through a newspaper. The outcomes of the study also suggested that social network users are generally well-educated and young adults. On the other hand, those with the ability to spread the word are not necessarily those with the most friends online. When aspects such as education, race, and gender are constant, the younger generation is more likely to use social networking platforms more than the older persons are. Additionally, females are more likely to use social media than males. Presently, people often use social networking platforms to socialize or spread information on events that they are not involved in or impacted by, directly. Upon hearing a recall of a familiar food product, females, unlike males, are more likely to pass information on the recall. Furthermore, an individual was more likely to spread the word on a recall after experiencing a severe food problem. On the other hand, those passing information were least likely to use social media as the platform to spread the word on a food recall. Therefore, agencies that need to improve their way of spreading information on food recall, need to adopt better plans, as well as formulate policies that ensure that the well-educated and young females are involved. Limitations of the Study This was a pilot study that was limited by time and as well as by using a specific demographic. The university students were the most appropriate. However, the study lacked diversity in the convenient sample size. University students may have a particular mindset on information technology. Consequently, it was difficult to obtain a more diverse view on the study. Moreover, despite obtaining results that were similar to previous studies, the sample size was not a representative one. The small sample size offered limited information on the topic. The study did not cover some aspects that may have influenced the participants use of social media, such as employment or income. Therefore, a large and diverse population would be more appropriate for future studies on the topic. Conclusion An outcome of this pilot research showed that due to the dynamics of social media, it is essential for food safety companies to use intelligence, sufficient resources, as well as good ideas to attain success in recalling bad food. The food agencies require having a strategy that offers a specific alertness in the use of social media information. For instance, the agencies may create their social media groups to manage the network and avoid misinformation. It would be important to form good relationships that are built on trust with the social media users. Furthermore, using hash tags when recalling food would help improve the spreading of the word. Agencies could as well collaborate with distributors, suppliers, grocers, manufacturers, restaurants and businesses that have websites to recall food products from a market, enabling better creation of trust. Consequently, using social media as part of the structured communication strategy would help improve the food and safety agencies. References Collier, M. (2011). The ultimate online customer service guide: How to connect with your customers to sell more!. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Consumers Union. (2013). Call for FDA review Good News for consumers. Consumers Union, 2013. Deasy, D. J. (2012). Food safety and assurance: The role of information technology. International Journal of Dairy Technology, 55(1), 1-4. Freberg, Kà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾ Graham, K., McGaughey, K., Freberg, L. (2011). Who are the social media influences? A study of public perceptions of personality. Public Relations Review, 3(7), 90-92. Karp, D. S., Baur, P., Atwill, E. R., De Master, K., Gennet, S., Iles, A., Kremen, C. (2015). The unintended ecological and social impacts of food safety regulations in Californias Central Coast Region. Bioscience, 65(12), 1173-1183. Lang, T., Barling, D., Caraher, M. (2011). Food, social policy and the environment: Towards a new model. Social Policy Administration, 35(5), 538. Labs, W. (2013). the state of food manufacturing. (cover story). Food Engineering, 85(10), 76-88. Mayer, A. B., Harris, J. A. (2012). Safe eats: An evaluation of the use of social media for food safety education. Journal of Food Protection, 75(8), 1453-1463. Mayer, M. (2013). How social media drives expanded consumer base. Refrigerated Frozen Foods Retailer, 6. Seo, S., Almanza, B., Miao, L., Behnke, C. (2015). The effect of social media comments on consumers responses to food safety information. Journal of Foodservice Business Research, 18(2), 111-131. Taylor, M. R., Sklamberg, H. R. (2016). Internationalizing food safety: FDAs role in the global food system. Harvard International Review, 37(3), 32-37.

The Metamorphosis of Paul Baumer in All Quiet on the Western Front :: All Quiet on the Western Front Essays

The Metamorphosis of Paul Baumer in All Quiet on the Western Front       Erich Maria Remarque's All Quiet on the Western Front, a novel set in World War I, centers around the changes wrought by the war on one young German soldier. During his time in the war, Remarque's protagonist, Paul Baumer, changes from a rather innocent Romantic to a hardened and somewhat caustic veteran. More importantly, during the course of this metamorphosis, Baumer disaffiliates himself from those societal icons-parents, elders, school, religion-that had been the foundation of his pre-enlistment days. This rejection comes about as a result of Baumer's realization that the pre-enlistment society simply does not understand the reality of the Great War. His new society, then, becomes the Company, his fellow trench soldiers, because that is a group which does understand the truth as Baumer has experienced it.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Remarque demonstrates Baumer's disaffiliation from the traditional by emphasizing the language of Baumer's pre- and post-enlistment societies. Baumer either can not, or chooses not to, communicate truthfully with those representatives of his pre-enlistment and innocent days. Further, he is repulsed by the banal and meaningless language that is used by members of that society. As he becomes alienated from his former, traditional, society, Baumer simultaneously is able to communicate effectively only with his military comrades. Since the novel is told from the first person point of view, the reader can see how the words Baumer speaks are at variance with his true feelings. In his preface to the novel, Remarque maintains that "a generation of men ... were destroyed by the war" (Remarque, All Quiet Preface). Indeed, in All Quiet on the Western Front, the meaning of language itself is, to a great extent, destroyed.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Early in the novel, Baumer notes how his elders had been facile with words prior to his enlistment. Specifically, teachers and parents had used words, passionately at times, to persuade him and other young men to enlist in the war effort. After relating the tale of a teacher who exhorted his students to enlist, Baumer states that "teachers always carry their feelings ready in their waistcoat pockets, and trot them out by the hour" (Remarque, All Quiet I. 15). Baumer admits that he, and others, were fooled by this rhetorical trickery. Parents,too, were not averse to using words to shame their sons into enlisting. "At that time even one's parents were ready with the word 'coward'" (Remarque, All Quiet I.

Society MUST Understand how the Natural World Works Essay -- Argumenta

Society MUST Understand how the Natural World Works Except for children, few of us spend much time wondering why Nature is the way it is; where the Cosmos came from, or whether it was always here; or whether there are ultimate limits to what humans know. There are even children who want to know what a black hole looks like; why the sky is blue; how does a balloon stay up in the air; what makes the human body work; and why there is a Universe. I have many opportunities to teach children at various ages and have observed that many of these children are natural born scientists. They have inquisitive little minds filled with curiosity and wonder. Provocative and insightful questions bubble out them with enormous enthusiasm. I am often asked follow-up questions that have the potential to take up the whole day. These children have never heard of the notion of a dumb question. I find something all together different when talking to middle and high school students. A great deal of them seem to get by by memorizing facts and the joy of discovery that led to those facts has gone out of them. They have lost most of the wonder, and gained little skepticism. This particular age group's main concern is not taking up class time asking dumb questions. They are willing to accept inadequate answers and they don't ask follow-up questions. Many of them are more concerned with the placement of the hands on the clock and when the school bell is going to ring. The middle and high school classrooms are often saturated with indirect glances to judge the approval of their peers. As a graduate student, it is frightening to see the same behavior acted out in upper-level college courses. The negative glances from those who lack respect for learning defi... ..., drive to learn things and then to exchange the information with others (239). I understand the natural world to be an absolutely essential tool for any society with a hope of surviving the next century. It is of tremendous importance that we take responsibility as parents and teachers and start generating critical, curious, and imaginative students. The worlds needs and deserves a society with a basic understanding of how the natural world works. Works Cited Bishop, J. Thomas. "Enemies of Promise." In the Presence of Others: Voices That Call for Response. Second Edition. Andrea A. Lundsford and John J. Ruszkiewicz. St. Martin's Press. New York, 1997. 26-261. Thomas, Lewis. "The Hazards of Science." In the Presence of Others: Voices That Call for Response. Second Edition. Andrea A. Lundsford and John J. Ruszkiewicz. St. Martin's Press. New York, 1997. 239.

At Mornington and Father and Child Essay

Gwen Harwood’s poetry explores ideas of the rejuvenating powers of memory, the inexorable nature of time and the adversity of advancing through various stages of human psychological development and the extent of life and death. â€Å"At Mornington† and â€Å"Father and Child† are poems which both demonstrate Harwood’s distinctive voice that transcends the barriers of time and examine universal issues that are pertinent to all. Moreover, the ability for these two poems to provide different interpretations makes them relevant to differing contexts with differing values. This is seen with two variant readings, a psychoanalytical reading and a post-modern reading. ‘At Mornington’ is a reminiscence of the persona’s life, evaluating the extent of life and death through memories, as shown by the first person point of view and past tense. It contains â€Å"memories of early childhood† that are described as â€Å"light in a sea-wet shell†, fragile and fleeting. The persona also continues to explore a collection of other memories and meandering thoughts, which the persona draws strength from in order to cope, understand and make sense of the present and the inevitability of her future death. The idea of memories in turn leads the poems into a psychoanalytical reading, in conjunction with a post-modern interpretation. The poem starts with the persona stating: ‘They told me that when I was taken to the sea’s edge’, implying that her memories are dependant on what ‘they’, her authoritative figures have told her, implying how they are dictated by that of authority. However memories can sometimes be unreliable as there are points of doubt where the persona ‘seem to remember my father fully clothed’. A post-modern view also shows authority losing power and individuals challenging them, as when the persona â€Å"leapt from my father’s arms† after being â€Å"taken to the sea’s edge. † The scene is a metaphor for an individual escaping from the passive grasps of authority, represented in the father, and acting upon their own interests. The fact that the persona was taken to their current position illustrates their lack of control over the situation, however, the persona later asserts control, breaking free of the authoritative figure and is controlling her own life. The inexorable nature of time is contemplated by the persona to make sense of her life. Through language and the lifecycle of the pumpkin as a metaphor of her own life, the persona defines herself in order to gain solace. The ‘pumpkin’ presented an image of the persona’s youth and innocence. She refers to â€Å"fine pumpkins grown on a trellis† at her friend’s house as a â€Å"parable of myself† as she ages, rising â€Å"in airy defiance of nature† towards the sun before returning to earth. The metaphor of the pumpkins striving to reach â€Å"the light† comments on both the physical and metaphysical aspirations of humans, and the confrontation and acceptance of death. It shows that she too has grown above her ‘humble station’ – not necessarily external success but bridging the gap between the conscious and unconscious. However, this metaphor alone is insufficient to make sense of her existence, and it is this gap between reality and the naming of it which is a key element of psychoanalytical theory. The need and desire of human beings to locate a sense of unity of self is also integral to the psychoanalytic theory, and Harwood achieves this through the circular structure of the poem. Emotive words such as ‘peace’, ‘shine’ and ‘forever’ create a serene image of death, while the symbolic ‘light’ and ‘water’ interlink with the first stanza. The use of water as a motif throughout the poem connects the important people and moments in her life such as in her childhood with her father ‘water soaked’ and with her friend in the Brisbane Gardens ‘pitcher of water’ and finally she uses the line ‘waters that bear me away for ever’ to show her acceptance of death. By drawing threads of the poem together, just as the persona draws together her dreams, thoughts and memories are used to establish her sense of unity and wholeness. Harwood creates a serene image of death, allowing the persona to reach a conclusion about its inevitability and the relevance of her experiences and dreams to it. Harwood’s poem ‘Father and Child’ is a parallel to ‘At Mornington’ as it investigates the advancement of human psyche, from the innocence of childhood to the frailty of old age. The poem also observes the human psyche’s attempt to rationalise and resist the inescapable nature of time. Harwood explores the change in human psyche in this poem and suggests that experiences undergone in childhood shape lives and morality in the future. The juxtaposition of settings and syntax is used to convey the evolution of the human psyche and morality. â€Å"Father and Child† is separated into two sections, â€Å"Part I Barn Owl†, which takes place in the persona’s childhood, and â€Å"Part II Nightfall† which is set when the persona has presumably reached middle age, as the father is now 80, blind and dying. The adversity of advancing through various stages of human psychological development is prevalent in ‘Barn Owl’. Harwood has used vivid descriptions to portray the callousness and cruelty of the situation where a little girl attempts to shoot a barn owl but fails and harms it dreadfully, causing the owl having had ‘dribbled through loose straw tangling in bowels’. For the responders this is strong imagery and portrays the unusual situation. The young girl is empowered because the owl is blinded by the light but later there is a role reversal as her father enters and becomes ‘owl-blind in early sun’, like the owl was initially. The killing of the owl demonstrates aspects of a post-modern interpretation where the girl revolts against authority by defying her father, the authoritative figure, and sneaks out with his gun – a representation of the father’s power and authority. The owl is a representation of wisdom or authority, thus, the child is destroying, in her mind, authority. The metaphoric imagery surrounding the death of the owl supports the psychoanalytical view that, dramatic moments such as these impact upon the psyche and have an everlasting effect on the individual. The girl comes to a realization of â€Å"those eyes that†¦ mirror my cruelty† and is now aware of the consequences of her actions, yet it is too late to change the result. The transition has been made and forever she will remain in the world of pain while ironically the bird has escaped it. The role of light is important in this poem as it differentiates between the ideas of life and death. In Part II, Harwood has challenged the responders by portraying light as a metaphor for life by making it set in the latter part of the day, at dusk, when the sun is setting. This shows the transition from life to death. Neither has the power to control the inevitability of death as the ‘sunset exalts its known symbols of transience’, personifying sunset – as the day becomes night the sun has the power because it brings about the process of change and deterioration. By doing this Harwood is exploring the concept of death being associated with darkness. In stanza 6, the atmosphere is saddened as direct speech is used and the poem nears the end. ‘Your night and day are one’ describes how death is a blur of both light and dark because it is a transition between the two. ‘Father and Child’ can also be read from a postmodernist perspective where it draws attention to the number of intertextual connections that are made between the poem and other texts, which focuses on both the extent of life/death and memories. The most apparent allusions are concerned with Shakespeare’s ‘King Lear’ and the line in Nightfall â€Å"Be your tears wet† creating a link between the child persona and the character of Lear’s daughter Cordelia, which examines the fact that she is confronting the death of her father. It’s as if a string of tenderness was touched by him inside of her which led to the tears. She had learnt a lot of concepts in regards to life from her father and is thanking him for teaching her. However, tears cannot mend the facts of life and death, since everybody has to come to the end of a journey at some stage. She relies on her father’s ‘white stick’ to take her back to her memories of her father and the lessons learnt – showing how memories can overcome tears at this last sorrow. The allusion of her father as ‘King’ is a reference to King Lear, showing her admiration and love for her father and how she still sees him as someone that she can rely on. The use of contrasting tones of the two parts reinforces the ideas of memory and life/death, that after many life experiences, her perspective of her father changes from â€Å"an old No Sayer† when the girl is young, to a â€Å"stick thin comforter†. By valuing texts in different perspectives, responders are able to react to a text on a variety of ways, making them relevant to differing contexts with differing values. â€Å"At Mornington† and â€Å"Father and Child† are texts which transcend the barriers of time and examine universal issues that are applicable to all.

Success and failure of Mergers, Acquisition and divestiture process

According to the Cambridge’s Internationals Dictionary of English, a Merger is when two or more companies join together, Acquisition is buying of a business by another company and finally divestiture is a process when a company takes back its investment from a less profitable company. Actually MA&D (Merger, Acquisition and divestiture) is a common process these days. The main motive behind is to increase profits and decline losses for the company.Say for instance if a company finds buying another company to be very beneficial in its upgradation process, increasing profitability or declining costs than that company can go for Acquisition or taking over of that company. Similarly due to high competition when some companies of same field, find it difficult to reduce the cost of production, logistics and marketing than few companies can come together in a contract or merge themselves in one big unit. Thus merger helps the companies to reduce their costs and increase the profitabil ity. Divestment is another common process these days.Actually those companies, which are not yielding enough of profits to the Parent Company or may be proving to be a big loss for the parent company, can be divested by the Parent Company. Thus by selling its shares from a weak or loss incurring unit a company can save its money. MA&D process. 2. MA&D process and its success: The present research shows that nearly 65 percent to 85 percent of corporate MA&D process fails. This process results in well short of expectations. The features of MA&D in the present day scenario are as follows. 1. The deals made are getting bigger thus increasing the scale of risk and reward. 2.To attain immediate gains from the big deals made by the companies, the opportunities gets missed that could capitalize on synergies that will deliver sustained, long term financial improvements and stake holders value. 3. The announcement of MA&D results many times in confusion both inside and outside the company, wh en the executives are a unable to institutionalize a governance process that can maintain momentum through integration. 4. Government institutions creates hurdle in the way of those MA&D process which could prove monopoly of a basic need products that could later on effect the price fixation monopoly by that company.Thus, today MA&D process is moving towards higher risks, lower productivity, confusion and government intervention. Success in the MA&D process: MA&D process. 3. The possible methods of getting successful in the MA&D process are suggested below. A. Post merger integration, business re-engineering and post divestiture separation present such an opportunity by which a person can estimate all the fields that could effect the business profitability in future. B. MA&D process needs to be planned and managed as well-structured hierarchical set of activities from beginning to the end. C.System Integration and outsourcing can help in leveraging MA&D activity to deliver results-d riven, sustainable operational transformation. D. Define and deploy a course of action appropriate for the type of MA&D like consolidation, combination, transformation or preservation. E. Plan and implement the transition to an optimized business model and infrastructure. F. Manage, operate and evolve the new applications and infrastructure. G. Identifying potential synergies in terms of people, process and IT and delivers these to plan. H. Ensure seamless separation of systems and data.MA&D process. 4. I. Rationalizes and streamlines infrastructure and processes. Thus from the above the following critical factors for success can be evaluated. 1. Clear intent 2. Perseverance 3. Leadership 4. Accountability 5. Leverage 6. Coordination 7. Experience 8. Focus 9. Decisiveness 10. Communication Present day scenario: The present figures state that nearly 65 percent of the failed in the MA&D process. Reason was overlooking of some features. The success and failure of the MA&D depends on th e following facts that need to be dealt carefully. MA&D process. 5.That is if the following facts are taken into consideration than only the MA&D process can prove to be beneficial for the company. Otherwise MA&D process can prove to be big mistake. 1. IT integration efforts make MA&D difficult: ERP or Enterprise resource planning applications like SAP has become ubiquitous in large organizations today. The promise is business process simplification, enhanced productivity and seamless information transfer. However these applications also require that businesses be wired together, typically through a single, unified database and other infrastructure.This of course, means individual businesses are far more difficult to separate. For instance , when Pfizer divested its Adam and Schick units, significant effort went toward figuring out how to separate data of the entities while blocking access to each other’s information. 2. Support services and facilities are hard to unravel: Ac hieving scale through shared support services and joint facilities is a broad trend in the business community. The more successful a company has been at this the greater difficulty it will face unwinding these collaborations. One big part of this is staff allocation.The trend toward shared support services has extended through general and administrative functions, call centers, account payable and receivable, payroll administration, and compensation and benefits plan management. MA&D process. 6. Carving out pieces of these integrated functions carries real challenges. 3. Outsourcing adds third party issues to MA&D: Not only are organizations centralizing they are outsourcing as well. In some way this may ease the process of separation, as the organization no longer owns the employees, systems and processes. Outsourcing firms are also very good at splitting workflow.If only it were that simple. In addition numerous perhaps hundreds of vendor relationships, outsourcing generally invol ves processes that are critical to a company’s core businesses. Therefore divesting a unit with significant outsourcing substantially increases the need for a rigorous review of services agreements to understand change of control provisions and to assess how service will continue going forward. 4. The divested business may require long term support: Until the divested business is prepared to stand on its own or is fully supported by the buyer it likely will need support from its former parent.Establishing clear service level agreements or SLAs between the buyer and the seller is critical. For highly integrated global businesses this can leas to country by country agreements, each involving dozens of services such as facilities management, back offices support and sales and manufacturing. MA&D process. 7. Conflicting interest can complicate the SLA process. For example depending on the situation the selling organization may have incentive to either prolong or limit the time fr ame on which these services will be provided. 5.Disruption threatens both seller and divested entity: Like a merger in reverse, a MA&D done right requires a plan detailed across every function, carefully monitored and adjusted as execution unfolds. This is a major project. Developing the separation plan often requires three-way collaboration between the seller and its remaining businesses, the divested unit itself, in some cases the buyer. The complexity of managing this separation planning across every function of the business and across the globe can rapidly absorb all attention of the businesses.The real danger here is underestimating just how much effort this will require. 6. The MA&D can impact the seller’s cost structure: Once the seller has carved out the divested business, it may well need to take another look at its own cost structure. In some cases, there can be loss of scale in areas where work was combined with the divested business. In the earlier, Pfizer example , customer service employees who had supported the divested Adams businesses were rationalized because the buyer, Cadbury Schweppes, did not require their services.MA&D process. 8. However this did not fully make up for the loss of scale. It took additional work with the customer service model, automating orders and other improvements to get the cost structure back in line. 7. Regulatory requirements can force your hand: Regulatory requirements on both local and global levels often create additional complexities. For example, MA&D may be required to resolve anti-trust concerns for a merger transaction. In these situations an organization may have to give up capabilities it would otherwise no elect to relinquish.As part of the Linde-Boc merger, regulators required that Northern American business be divested and operate as a stand-alone business, forcing Linde-BOC to part with both capabilities and people it would otherwise want to retain. Similarly in MA&D with European components, n egotiation with world’s councils on a country by country basis can lengthen the MA&D process and create additional constraints. Conclusion: Mergers, acquisitions and divestiture (MA&D) can make or break your business. And more and more organizations are looking to these initiatives to deliver quick and dramatic financial returns. 006 clocked up a staggering $4 trillion worth of deals, representing an average 30% growth, while the average deal size is also rocketing. MA&D process.9. As the merger wave rolls on, it is clear that many companies are taking this opportunity to divest non-core businesses. After all were in an active markets and there’re plenty of buyers- financial and strategic –sitting on hordes of cash and looking for attractive deals. However before moving to cash in on businesses you think will be attractive it is worth taking a hard look at the process of MA&D. Whether its an out fright sale or even a spin off to shareholders.Does all these means MA&D is a bad idea? Of course not . I many cases they are absolutely the right things to do. The trick is to be aware of the seven challenges in advance, and all seven are equally valid for MA&D of every size and use that knowledge when assessing any proposed transaction. There are many assessments to be made. 1. How much of the business to sell? 2. Could a strategic buyer more appropriate than a financial buyer? 3. Which is better an MA&D or a spin off? Truly understanding answers to these questions can help a seller get the very best deal in the broadest sense of the term.