Communications Paper on Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Communications Paper on Media - Essay Example Newspapers also serve a surveillance purpose as they inform about what is going on. Through media, I also satisfy my social and psychological needs. This means media is a powerful tool for transmission of cultures and norms. I am able to be informed and learn about various norms and how I am expected to behave, as well. For instance watching television programs about other cultures makes me aware about them. I am also able to learn about their norms whether it is through print or visual media. Media is also utilized as an advertising tool. Media covers a wide audience making it a powerful tool for advertising and marketing. It is also used to influence the thoughts and needs of the society. Such form of media can be through propaganda whereby information is put out by an organization to promote a particular policy. From all these, the media serve as a gratification tool to the larger society since its survival is on the basis of satisfying the needs of a society (Gibson). 2. Costs sp ent on media Various media exist in our daily lives; therefore, costs are incurred when it comes to accessing media. To access the print media I have to purchase newspapers and magazines some of which are updated daily; thus, it makes sense to acquire them each new day. Print media are extremely important, but more expensive to access; thus, I spend more on it. For instance, to access academic materials, I have to purchase books, which are not easily available via the internet resource. Media is also important because communication and entertainment are a normal part of the day-to-day activities. Visual media are characterized by television and the internet. Costs are incurred in electricity bills and payment of internet subscription fees. When all costs are summed up it can be determined that a lot of money is directed on media in a given month. This can also be summarized by the fact that media consumptions occurs every day. 3. Description of a day without media A day without medi a is quite different since media had evolved to be a habit in my lifestyle. My first instinct in the morning was to check my phone, but I had to ignore the urge. Without media, I would not be in constant touch with others; thus I would not be able to know where I am needed and by whom. I will also find it hard to be informed about new developments around me. Because it felt like an addiction, I could not last a whole day without thinking about what I am missing. For instance, I could not be in contact with my friends and colleagues; thus, I would not be informed about how they are doing or if they have any information related to me. I would also tend to be scared at times because I was not certain about what I am supposed to do during the day. I could not read posters and information posted on notice boards; thus, I was not comfortable. Generally, I felt like I was in my own world since I was not able to access any new information that might influence me. Therefore, from morning to evening I was only making an appearance, but never really involved in anything constructive. By dawn, I felt I had lost a lot of opportunities. 4. What was learned From the experience on that day, I was able to learn and appreciate just how important media is to my daily activities. If I was given such a test, again it would be hard to try it because on that single day, I had missed on a lot. The urge to get information was quite big and I learned that I was

Root Metaphors in Understanding Organisational Behavior Essay

Root Metaphors in Understanding Organisational Behavior - Essay Example Metaphors give a clearer understanding of the paradoxical and complex characteristics of organizational behavior. Some of the metaphors that have been used over time in reference to organizational behavior include organism, culture, machine and political systems. This paper will analyze some of the root metaphors that have been used to describe organizations. Organizations as Cultures Culture refers to a way of a people hence organizational culture denotes a pattern of basic assumptions adopted within a group. These assumptions act like the norm and any new member has to learn them (Phegan, 1996: pp. 25). These norms govern the interaction of people within an organization and the working relationship with those outside the organization. They define conduct for various situations (Parker, 2000, p.56). In analyzing organizations as cultures, the Hofstede’s cultural dimensions theory proposes that organizations adopt a culture as determined by the region they are located in (Hofs tede, 1991, p. 43). Organizational culture varies from one nation to another. An awareness of multiculturism is important for any organization. For instance, if an organization based in Britain chooses to extend its operations to the Arab nations, then it has to take into consideration the aspect of religion that is an important part of the lives of the Arabians. Hence, the organization will adjust its culture to accommodate its Arabian employees. According to Hofstede (1980, p. 67), national and regional cultural groupings affect organizational behavior. Different analysts have described organizational culture in various ways. Deal and Kennedy have four cultures (Deal and Kennedy, 1982, p.34). The ‘work-hard, play hard’ culture is one where the members of an organization put a lot of time into their work to be among the best. Such organizations are result oriented. Organizations like restaurants have adopted such a culture. The ‘tough guy macho’ culture is a high risk and reward oriented culture. In addition to this, such organizations focus on the present rather than long term goals. An example of this would be the police force. Process culture works for low risk and slow feedback oriented organizations. These organizations, observe a lot of bureaucracy. Banks and insurance companies fall into this category. Lastly, ‘bet-the-company’ culture is common with organizations that are involved in high risk business that gives slow feedback (Hartnell et al. 2011, p. 12). A lot of planning and work is put into the realization of goals. Oil companies and aircraft manufactures are some of the organizations with such a culture. An organization’s culture determines its output as pointed out by Denison et al. (2004, p. 98-109). A strong culture is one where the staff aligns themselves to the norms and lives up to the expectations. In such cultures, work progresses smoothly and the organization easily realizes its goals and ob jectives. Furthermore, a strong culture organization benefits in that the employees have high motivation (O’ Reilley et al., 2006: p. 487). Moreover, organizational culture increases team cohesiveness. Different departments and divisions within the company closely work together. This fosters harmony. This in turn promotes consistency. The staff finds their niche and can easily coordinate their activities. Once they adopt the norms, they know what is expected of them and work effortlessly in keeping up with the norms. Hence, it also shapes

Business plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words - 1

Business plan - Essay Example The Encore Specialty Coffee shop is a substitute to other coffee shops because it offers its customers a refined and calmer environment. The cafà © does not have televisions or radios. There is subtle music that plays in the background. Also, the pictures of local musicians are displayed on the walls. The cafà © has overstuffed leather seats and sofas that are like a library. While it pays homage to past times, the cafà © is at the technological cutting edge because it has Wi-Fi and the most modern espresso machines. The Encore Specialty Coffee Shop measures its success based on whether its market share increases, leading to a rise in earnings. Currently, it has a local market share valued at  £40 million. Its success arises from the fact that it offers quality coffee and leverages on its small workforce. The cafà © selects the best coffee beans from the distributors in Middlesex. Encore enjoys larger profits because of its small size and, thus, lower overhead. Its management handpicks the baristas and offers them salaries that equal other chains. The research was aimed at determining the market size, competition, business opportunity and market analysis of the coffee industry in the UK. Several research tools were used. First, all the coffee cafes in Liverpool were profiled. Particulars that were studied included their size, the number of employees, and the array of products they offer. Other information that was collected included their annual revenue, business philosophy and anticipation for the future. A lot of traveling was done to different parts of the city. Questionnaires and interviews were created to get the most relevant information on the interviewees. They included the customers that frequented this coffee house, the employees, and the management. Questions regarding the products that were stocked other than coffee to carry out co-marketing were asked. The internet was used to

EasyJet - A 'No Frills' Airline Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

EasyJet - A 'No Frills' Airline - Assignment Example only takes direct deals as opposed to through operators from different air transport organisations is that EasyJet does not give free drinks and beverages, ticketless and just acknowledge direct booking (Business Teacher 2001). The start of EasyJet depended on two leased planes. Whats more, the first destination was Glasgow and dispatched with ultra-ease flights, the publicizing motto is "London to Glasgow, less expensive than a pair of pants!" (Jones 2007). Nowadays, EasyJet has the flight destination all through Europe. EasyJet started being profitable towards the end of the second year. In 1997, the EasyJet was a stable business entity, marked an agreement with Boeing contributing $500 million to purchase new airplane. At first, EasyJet worked with a solitary kind of Boeing 737 (Gronroos 2008). In 2004, EasyJet requested 120 Airbus A319, EasyJet turned into the organisation that using Airbus A319 as principle model in minimal effort carrier organisations. In 2010, the number of travellers using EasyJet reached 49 million, positioned second place in air transport in Europe (Jones 2007). Strategic Business Unit (SBU) have to be focused on fulfilling customers’ needs with a particular end goal to attain to above normal returns, and this is carried out through Business-level strategy (Aaker 2001). Business level methods are elements provide quality to customers and increase a competitive advantage by exploiting SBU, in single market or industry (Aaker 2007). Business-level strategy is concerned with a companys position in an industry, in respect to competitors and the five forces of rivalry (Gronroos 2007). Customers are the central to a company’s business level strategy. Who will be served, what needs must be addressed, and how those needs will be fulfilled by the organisation (Holt 1998). The strategies by porter describe which strategy a company uses in order to gain a competitive advantage over the competitors in the market. The strategies are the cost

The Sexual Misconduct Underage Girls In The Swimming Teams Undergo Movie Review

The Sexual Misconduct Underage Girls In The Swimming Teams Undergo Under Their Coaches - Movie Review Example The coaches see the girls as easy prey and spread their sexual tentacles to them. They threaten them to ensure that word of their sexual misconduct does not reach adults. Their sexual misconduct is a slow process that starts with simple talks and then advances to caressing. This is followed by kissing and later fondling. Some stop at this point but some coaches simply break the limit. They advance to deep kissing and later full sexual intercourse (Ross, 2010). They do not care that these are minors they are dealing with which is not only legally unacceptable but it is morally and ethically inappropriate. They do not care about the lives of the young girls they are messing around with nor do they care about the life long trauma the girls will get as a result of guilt and harboring secrets. All they care about are their own sexual gratification and when discovered, they quickly relocate to another state and continue the same cycle. The other key point raised is the fact that the US swimming association does not take the issue seriously. It defends their coaches and lets them back on the job after suspension or simply with a warning. They also fail to conduct proper background checks on a coach before being hired and they simply rely on official criminal records. Many coaches who are sexual molesters and have gotten away with it still roam around and seek similar jobs elsewhere and hunt for new preys to sexually molest.

Chocolate Industry Essay Example for Free

Chocolate Industry Essay * Indian chocolates industry is growing at a rapidly18-20% per annum. * Cadburys occupy about 72% of the chocolate/confectionery market with Dairy Milk, Five Star, Perk, Gems * The organized sector in chocolates constitutes 40%. Chocolate consumption in India is low, per capita consumption in urban India is estimated at about 250g compared to 8-10 kg in Switzerland. * Indian chocolate market is estimated to be close to Rs 2500 cr. of which metros like Mumbai and Delhi occupy a major share. HISTORY * 1765, First Chocolate Factory In the USA * 1800, Chocolate is an Industry * 1819, The Swiss Invest in a Chocolate Factory. * 1847, An English Company Introduced Fondant Chocolate * 1923, The CMA (chocolate manufacture association)was Established * 1956 Cadbury milk chocolate launched. * 1957 Cadbury 5 star launched. * 1970 Cadbury eclairs launched. * 1974 Amul chocolate launched. * 1986 Cadbury milk chocolate re-launched as Cadburys dairy milk. * 1991 Nestle chocolates TYPES OF CHOCOLATES 1. Unsweetened chocolate Unsweetened chocolate is chocolate in its rawest form. This unadulterated chocolate is also known as baking, plain or bitter chocolate and popularly used as the base for cakes, brownies, confections, and cookies. Unsweetened chocolate is made from pure chocolate liquor that has been refined and contains 50-55% of cocoa butter. 2. Milk chocolate Milk chocolate is the combination of chocolate liquor, cocoa butter, vanilla, milk solids, and lecithin. This type of chocolate could be kept up to a year if stored in a cool, dry place. Milk chocolate must contain at least 10% of chocolate liquor, 3. 7% milk fats, and 12% milk solids. 3. Semi-sweet chocolate and Bittersweet chocolate Both Semi-sweet and Bittersweet chocolate contain cocoa liquor, sugar, cocoa butter, vanilla, and sometimes lecithin. Semi-sweet and Bittersweet chocolate, if well wrapped and stored in a cool, dry place with good air circulation, could be kept for several years. Major types and brands of chocolates * Cadbury * Nestle * Amul Other * Comp co * Ferrero * Mars * Govind * Lindt * Hershey Chocolate global market share * The global chocolate market is expected to grow from $83. 2 billion in 2011. to $98. 3 billion in 2016 at an estimated CAGR of 2. 7% from 2011 to 2016. * The market in Asia is driving sales and is expected to hold a 20% share of the global market in 2016. The market in Asia is expected to have a high CAGR of 4. 7%. Chocolate global market share Source: (Euro monitor). Chocolate Market in India * Chocolate market is estimated to be around 2500 cores growing at 18-20% per annum. * Cadbury is the market leader with 72% market share * The per capita consumption of chocolate in India is 400 gram compared with 1. 9 kilograms in developed markets such as the United Kingdom * Over 70 per cent of the consumption takes place in the urban markets Chocolate Market in India A Snapshot * Jan. 2011 Kraft Foods acquires Cadbury India * Jul. 2011 Hershey’s exits JV with Godrej Group * Oct. 2011 Ferrero opens first production facility in India * Nov. 2011 Campco increases production to 23,000 ton. /year * Dec. 2011 Kraft Foods increases investments in Cadbury India The Indian confectionery market – Source:- Industry experts and leading manufacturers estimates, Promar’s trade interviews Indian confectionery industry Share by Volume 000 tonnes (2009) Source: (Euro monitor, 2009). Indian confectionery industry Share by Value (Rs cr. ) 2009 Source: (Euro monitor, 2009). CONSUMPTION SEGMENTATION BY AGE Segment| Share (%)| 2 to 8 years old| 16| 8 to 25 years old| 53|. 25 to 54 years old| 22| Over 55 years old| 7| Source: Ministry of food processing industries CONSUMPTION SEGMENTATION BY REGION Segment| Share (%)| North| 35| East| 12| West| 33| South| 20| Source: Ministry of food processing industries Product Variation Segment| Share (%)| Moulded Chocolates| 50| Count line bars| 33| Sugar panned| 13| Choco panned| 4| Source: Ministry of food processing industries Market share different company Company | Market share % | Cadbury | 72% | Nestle | 18% | Amul | 4% | Other | 6% | PRODUCTION YEAR WISE Source: Central Statistical Organisation (CSO). Import of Chocolate Sugar confectionery (value in us$) Source: commercae. nic. in Import of Chocolate Sugar confectionery (volume in mt ) Source: commercae. nic. in Consumer Trends * Mithai- is getting substituted by chocolates Convenient packaging and better shelf life. * Sudden spurt in advertisement between July Sep in festival seasons. * The range and variety of chocolates available in malls seems to be growing day by day, which leads to lot of impulse sales for chocolate companies. * Chocolates which used to be unaffordable, is now considered mid-priced. * Designer chocolates have become status symbols. * In past, consumers had negligible inclination for dark chocolates. But now we have seen a change in the Indian palate, which is increasing the base of this sub-segment Challenges in Indian chocolate industry * TEMPERATURE * UNAVAILABILITY OF CONTROLLED REFRIGERATION * RAW MATERIALS * TRANSPORTATION * THREAT FROM FOREIGN BRANDS Growth opportunities in Indian chocolate industry Untapped Market Limited Consumption: The fact that chocolate is not a traditional food, high prices and domestic production problems will provide the main problems to market growth. As these markets develop, prices will fall making these products more accessible to the wider population. However the Indian market is still untapped and provides immense scope for growth, both geographically as well as product basket wise. Chocolate consumption in India is extremely low. The per capita chocolate consumption in India is still much below the East Asian standards. Hence per capita consumption has a immense scope for improvement. Strategies for Growth Success in India 1. Revamp the product to keep the excitement alive. 2. Companies should look at new avenues, while expanding the reach of its products. Distribution will hold the key. Companies need to reach out to smaller towns, where three-fourths of the population does not even know the product. 3. Merger Acquisitions: Mergers Acquisitions with companies that match the product portfolio overall growth strategy should be considered which will not only strengthen the company to establish a stronger hold in the country but also ward off possible competition in the select category. Such collaborations will also facilitate companies to use each other’s distribution networks. Conclusion * Cadburys /Nestle occupy about 90% of the chocolate /confectionery market. * * While there are some places in India where people have never even tasted chocolates once. * Understanding the consumer demands and maintaining the quality will be essential. References * www. indiainfoline. com * http://www. marketsandmarkets. com/PressReleases/global-chocolate-market. asp * Central Statistical Organisation (CSO), Compiled by India stat. * http://www. espatial. com/articles/a-valentines-day-map-world-chocolate-consumption/ * www. ministryoffoodprocessingindustries. com * www. business-standard. com * http://www. indianmirror. com/indian/industries/chocolate. html * www. ibef. org * www. fmcg markets. com.

Social Work in Anti-Discrimination

Social Work in Anti-Discrimination Explain the role of the social worker and consider the purpose of intervention and service delivery making links with Anti-Discriminatory Practice and Anti-Oppressive Practice and the importance of working in partnership with users of services and other professionals and agencies. In this assignment I am going to be looking at mental health. In particular mental health affecting older people. I am aware that mental health issues affect people of all ages affecting each individual in a unique way. A social workers role can be described in many ways and the role can vary depending on the service user. However in general social workers aim to empower people to make decisions for themselves. An essential part of the social workers role is working as part of a multi-disciplinary team and sign-posting service users to all services applicable to them. The fundamental principles of good social work practice are knowledge, skills and values, they all go hand in hand. They are useful divisions that can aid understanding. To ensure good practice all 3 need to be used together, making competent social work practice. Focusing on mental health in older people as your client it is important a social worker to be aware of and work within The Mental Health Act 1983. The Mental Health Act 1983 was established to ensure approved mental health professionals assess and treat people with mental health conditions and to protect the rights of these service users. It provides safeguards for people in hospitals as well. When looking at the history of mental health what stands out is that through the centuries there has been an accepted way of dealing with people with mental health problems. However the used method in the past is now considered to be inhumane and largely unsuccessful, but also at this time alongside the orthodox practitioners there were others with a more enlightened approach. Most histories concentrate on the gruesome facts rather than the positive aspects, going back as far as Victorian times, for example the Victorian asylums. Historical notes show how there isnt much that is actually new in todays approaches, it has all been said before but the issue with their acceptance is that mainstream treatment still retains its hold. Mental health problems are considered to be more common in older adults. The most common mental health condition among older people is depression. Depression affects 1 in 5 older people living in the community and 2 in 5 living in care homes. -Adults in Later Life with Mental Health problems, Mental Health Foundation quoting Psychiatry in the Elderly (3rd edition) Oxford University Press (2002) (http://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/information/mental-health-overview/statistics, 2006) However another common illness affecting older people is dementia. Dementia affects 5% of people over the age of 65 and 20% of those over 80. About 700,000 people in the UK have dementia (1.2% of the population) at any one time. -National Institute for Clinical Excellence (2004) (http://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/information/mental-health-overview/statistics,   2006) As a social worker upon meeting the client, your initial role is to carry out a carers assessment. You need to carry out an accurate assessment to enable you to make the necessary recommendations and referrals. This leads to signposting to relevant services even when the client doesnt meet the service criteria. For successful signposting you need to have an accurate understanding of how relevant organisations in mental health are MIND. Your assessment gives you the relevant information to be aware of what you need to do for your client. You now need to gain trust and build a positive relationship. However you need to be professional and always be honest, you are not the clients friend, as being their friend conflicts with personal boundaries. You need to be clear and define your role to avoid confusion. You will be keeping records, discussing secrets and reporting to other professionals. A successful model of assessment for this type of client is SWOT. This involves looking at the strengths and weaknesses which are the advantages and disadvantages for our client. Then looking at the opportunities which involve looking at all opportunities for change that you can provide. The final part of your SWOT analysis means looking at the threats. SWOT analysis helps you to think through each issue allowing you to look at the problem and lead to possible solutions and prepare for possible threats. A major and vital part of this particular assessment is about whats happening now. A SWOT analysis provides evidence to explain your actions. It needs to be specific, and will vary dramatically from person to person. It is a helpful tool in helping you to weigh up the pros and cons and help you to balance them out. With mental health the actual illness is going to have a major affect on the SWOT analysis. The stage of the illness can be an advantage or a disadvantage. A threat with mental health will always be the deterioration of the illness. With older people family can be a major strength if they play an active part in the clients life. However bare in mind the lack of a family can be a big disadvantage, having affects on the client. Anti-oppressive practice is a piece of social work jargon, but is based on a very simple yet important idea. Social work is all about empowering others and assisting those who feel oppressed in getting both their needs and rights recognised and met. Anti-oppressive practice is informed by values and always takes into consideration both the views and experiences of oppressed people. Practitioners are required to analyse how the socially constructed divisions of race, age, gender, class, sexuality and disability, and the impact of differential access to resources interconnect and interact to define the life experiences of individuals and communities. (Davies, 2009, p14) Therefore the practitioner is able to both recognise and challenge all situations of oppression within their work. Anti-discriminatory practice emphasises the different ways in which people tend to be discriminated against, as individuals and groups, it also highlights the need for professional practice to counter such discrimination. Discrimination can occur due to lots of different types of oppressive differentiation. The primary goal of anti-discriminatory practice is the promotion of equality and social justice. (Davies, 2009, p13) Anti-discriminatory practice is not a separate social work theory or method, but a value that should under-pin all practice generally. Both anti-discriminatory and anti-oppressive practice theories seek to assist clients to gain awareness into how oppression affects their lives, and to promote different strategies for opposing discrimination and gaining mutual support. It should also prevent different agencies from being discriminatory. True partnership working can create empowerment. It is a basic part of good practice and of values work. Feeling the need to rescue the client is oppressive; you should be working with the service user to rescue themselves. Helping clients to become more independent and less dependent on the system is a positive way forward, and should have a positive long-term affect on the client. Effective partnership is based on a variety of factors and therefore will vary accordingly. A few of these factors are based on values, beliefs, ideals and even practical factors such as funding and resources. Social workers have a duty of responsibility to both the client and other family members who play an active role in the clients life. You should work together with your service user, their family and other agencies, you all need to be aware of difficulties and expect setbacks but remember you can get through it together. When working with other agencies you need to share the responsibility and have open and honest communication. A social workers role is one of both care manager and care co-ordinator. In mental health you will need to be working with other organisations and as it is a health issue you will be working with medical professionals.