Effective leadership and its impact on organization performance Research Paper - 1

Effective leadership and its impact on organization performance - Research Paper Example An effective leader should be aware when to act and when not to act. An effective leader should have good knowledge as it gives the leaders the ability to evaluate the causes and outcomes of their actions. For the existence of an effective leadership, a leader has to acquire from a mentor who can inculcate values that outshine the leader himself. If no guides or mentors are available, a leader can learn the direction and meaning through intercession. Further, an effective leader will have a real good faith for the common good of their subordinates or followers. An effective leader is not only advising his followers or subordinates to follow some path but also will be ready to learn things that require to be inculcated. During their communication process, effective leaders will always communicate with fairness and will exhibit respect to others. An effective leader will always exhibit as an example to other by adhering politeness, gentleness, calmness and quietness. Following these qu alities will make them as effective observers, spectators and thinkers. An effective leader will involve in meaning, thinking and careful observations. An effective leader will have the right virtue for the desired goals and vision of their organizations. Leaders should strive hard without any expectations for the outcomes since the results of effective leadership should derive advantage from the organizations and people instead of the leaders itself. Effective leaders will involve themselves in sattvic charity with a real sense of offering without any anticipating anything in return (Avolio & Gardner 2005, p.320). This thesis will analyze how â€Å"effective leadership contributes towards the achievement of organization success and improvement in the performance level of an organization†. Leadership connotes many characteristics and variables influencing the manner in which it is evaluated so as to be regarded to be effective. Leadership connotes intellectual drive,

CRJS355(5) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

CRJS355(5) - Research Paper Example Seizure of property in plain view should involve no invasion of privacy and be presumptively reasonable (Hemmens & Gerherd, 2010 ). Plain sight discovery are always common during contacts made by somebody to the officers, detentions, and traffic stops. Even though most of the evidence acquired in this manner may be accepted in court, sometimes part of them may be suppressed. The logic rule of evidence states that ‘what a person knowingly exposes to the public, even at his home or office, is not a subject of Fourth Amendment protection’ as supported by Hemmens and Gerherd 2010. Evidence obtained is always not just useful because an officer of law has seen it. The fact that matters is whether he attained it lawfully so that the prosecutor can use it in court. For the investigator to legally invoke plain sight seizure he must consider if he had made a lawful discovery of the evidence. He must have had the legal right of being in the location from which they initially saw, s melled, or felled the evidence. Investigators upon discovering evidence, they must have a probable cause to believe that the evidence is indeed criminal evidence. Plain view discovery is not always us simple us such, especially when the evidence are to be used in the court of law. Investigators are not allowed to obtain evidence in a place where the suspect reasonably expected privacy. They must have the legal right to enter the place. The exclusionary rule was developed by the courts to deter the federal and the government from violating the right of unreasonable searches and seizures. Evidences observation in plain view is not a search, and it is also settled that evidences obtained in the course of unlawful search or seizure is not plain view evidence. Therefore the Supreme Court regarded the fourth amendment exclusionary rule as a remedy required by the constitution principle, courts have decided to use deliberate and culpable test to determine whether to admit evidence obtained as a result of seizure which is unconditional as a result of an officer’s error. Evidences that are obtained without questionable search violating the exclusionary rule could ultimately be admissible as evidence in the court. Exclusionary rule does not apply when police officer’s act with objectively reasonable reliance on a search warrant later found to be invalid (Henning, 1995). Investigators, who mistakenly rather than intentionally violate constitutional rights, are deterred from future violation by the exclusion law. The doctrine of exclusion by good faith harms the innocent defendants in three ways: juror resistance, juror error, and perverse screening effect. It has therefore, been difficult for the court to find any distinction between investigators error and third-party error. The court held that investigators violation in obtaining evidence did not trigger the exclusionary rule. In justifying the holding of some cases, courts have noted that the logical inc onsistency between exclusion in cases involving non-police errors, cannot logically contribute to the deterrence of Fourth Amendment violations. But the errors that are made by the investigators in finding evidences and filling them have resulted to high faulty paperwork. By court allowing these errors in good faith doctrine the scope of its impact remains to be seen. The errors such us record keeping which may lead to false arrest, unlawful acquisition of evidence could only justify

Slavery in Ancient Rome

Slavery in Ancient Rome A slave was a person who was usually captured in battle and send back to Rome to be sold. Most slaves in ancient Rome were acquired through warfare, and the Roman armies would bring back captives as part of a reward for their presence in battles. Some of the defeated soldiers were also brought back as slaves and normally brought in a lot of money and this could also serve as an alternative to imprisoning them or killing them. Fathers could also go on and sell their children into slavery if they had a need for money and this was actually lawful. The abandoned children on the streets could also be brought up as slaves. Slaves were brought in from all over Europe and the Mediterranean especially among the Germans, Thracians, Celts and Eastern Mediterranean. It was against the law to enslave Roman citizens or Italians living in Gallia Cisalpina. New slaves were acquired first by wholesalers who dealt directly with the Roman armies. Many of these dealers were Jewish in origin and slavery trade served as their main source of livelihood for the Roman Jews. Julius Ceasar once sold the whole populace of a conquered region in Gaul of almost 53000 people to slave traders at a go. Slaves were sold at public auctions within the empire or in shops and the most valuable were sold by private sales. The sales were overseen by Roman fiscal officials called Quaestors. Sometimes the traders built revolving stands where the slaves stood and they hung around their necks a plaque describing each slave in terms of their origin, health, intelligence, character and any other information that would help the buyer make a sale. Prices were usually pegged on age and strength and some sales have been documented to have fetched thousands of dollars in todays dollars. The dealers gave a six months guarantee if the slave showed any defects that were not stated at the time of the sale by taking back the slave or returning the buyers money. Slaves that were sold without a guarantee were made to wear a cap at the time of the auction. The experiences of slaves generally varied with the place and the person who owned them. There were many reports of abuse and harsh treatment given to slaves though it is not possible to indicate how widespread this was at the time. Cato the Elder was recorded as saying that he expelled any old and sick slaves within his household. Some defeated soldiers usually chose to commit suicide rather than be taken into slavery by the Romans. Seneca who was a Roman writer held the view that a well treated slave performed better than a mistreated slave. An example of different experience by slaves would be that of Cicero who had a slave called Tiro. Tiro was Ciceros secretary, confidant editor and right-hand man. After Ciceros death Tiro went on to publish a number of Ciceros speeches since he had known where they had kept them. Tiro also wrote the biography of Cicero, a grammar book and a book on philosophical questions and also invented a new type of shorthand that he had used to take notes from Cicero. Ciceros brother and his family were very close to Tiro and when Tiro had been taken ill before, his master; Cicero had literally taken care of him like he would have his own child. Ciceros son, Marcus, often wrote to Tiro whenever he needed any advice and the two had a relationship more of an uncle and nephew rather than that of a young lord and family slave. In 53BCE, Cicero freed Tiro. On that day Ciceros brother Quintos wrote him a letter of congratulations that read,: I am truly grateful for what you have done about Tiro, in judging his former condition to be below his deserts and preferring us to have him as a friend rather than a slave. Believe me, I jumped for joy when I read your letter and his. Thank you, and congratulations. [Tr. K. Bradley, Slavery and Society at Rome]. Scholars believe that Tiro may have turned 50 on the day he was freed. This relationship raises many questions about slavery, why did it take Cicero so many years too free Tiro if he had noted for all those years how loyal and true Tiro was? Most compelling of all, if you grew up in a world where the social institution of slavery was normal, even normative, how could one recognize the human dignity of any slave? As many enemies as slaves was common proverb heard throughout Roman lands. Most citizens believed there was a constant danger of servile insurrection, which had more than once seriously threatened the republic, and as such this justified the severest measures in self-defense. They used the law of collective responsibility: if a slave killed his master, the authorities put all of the slaves in that household to death. Slaves who misbehaved have been known to be beaten, burned with an iron or sometimes even killed, regardless of their age or sex although most slaves were usually males. Slaves normally sought freedom by escaping their homes. Historian Moses Finley noted as such, fugitive slaves are almost an obsession in the sources. Harboring of fugitive slaves in Rome was illegal and professional slave-catchers were hired to hunt down runaways. Advertisements were posted everywhere which provided descriptions of escaped slaves, and offered rewards in some cases. When caught, fugitives were brutally punished and branded on the forehead with the letter F, for fugitivus. Sometimes slaves had a metal collar riveted around the neck and such a collar was preserved in Rome and states in Latin, I have run away. Catch me. If you take me back to my master Zoninus, youll be rewarded. The legal status of slaves in ancient Rome was well defined. First and foremost slaves were property and their owners exercised dominium over slaves. Dominium was the absolute right to dispose of and control the use of a piece of property. Secondly, slaves could have no family. Any children conceived of the slaves automatically became slaves and mothers chose to kill their babies rather than expose them to slavery. Slaves formed families but they had no legal authority to protect these relationships. Third, a slave by all definition had no honor and dignity and the essence of being a slave was the inability to protect ones body. A slave was also defined by the absence of the right to a fair trial and appeal before suffering any physical punishment. Owners could beat slaves as they wished and even demand for sexual relations with slaves of either sex. The mere experience of a state in which an individual could not protect his own body from abuse was inherently and permanently degradin g. As in the case of Tiro and Cicero, Tiro was still a slave in spite of all the respect and loyalty he received from his master and his family. No-one is sure how many slaves existed in the Roman Empire. Even after Rome has passed it days of greatness, it is thought that 25% of all people in Rome were slaves. Slavery in the Roman Empire did not suddenly end, but it was slowly replaced when new economic forces introduced other forms of cheap labor.

As I Lay Dying1 Essay -- Essays Papers

As I Lay Dying1 William Faulkner uses language in a unique way in his novel As I Lay Dying. Language is a form of expression to show thoughts and emotions. Faulkner uses it to convey the individual characters’ thoughts and feelings. He also uses it to draw a line between language and true expression. He shows the limitations of language and the difference between language and words. As I Lay Dying covers the story of a family as they journey to bury the mother, Addie, in her hometown after her death. They all go through the same situations but each experience different emotions and thoughts. They express these through the language they use. What each character says as well as how he/she says it lets the reader see the character'’ underlying meaning. Through Faulkner’s technique of letting each person involved speak in the first person, language takes on an important role in understanding the characters. Darl is an example of the power of language due to him having the most chapters as narrator. His language is more clear and reflective than the other speakers are are. He uses similes and metaphors like the horse to represent his mother. Dewey Dell is different than the rest of her family. Instead of just reporting facts or describing she uses language to express her true feelings. Language is personal to her and demonstrates its power. An example of this is when she describes how the doctor â€Å"could do so much for me if he just would† and how he â€Å"is a ...

Humans Did Not Cause Global Warming Environmental Sciences Essay

In the universe we live in today, we are ever looking for a opportunity to indicate a finger and name person to fault. And recently they have told us that the incrimination rests to a great extent on our shoulders. However, this clip we are non the guilty 1s. And today my spouse and I will turn out that to you. We shall demo you that this clip human existences are guiltless. That they can non manus whomp us into a rubric of incrimination based on an thought that our opposition seems to believe. We shall demo that there are two sides to everything and hopefully you will recognize that you have been earnestly misled. And that worlds are non ever the destroyers in every state of affairs. Our thesis is that recent addition in atmosphere CO2 is non chiefly caused or due to human activity. For our first statement we believe that, natural causes such as vents emanations and atoms of dust that can be released by vents into the ambiance. Animal respiration, decay and workss can every bit good make more CO2 than human activity can. For our 2nd statement we believe the nature consequence of H2O vapour and organic affair diminution makes CO2 in the atmosphere worse. For our 3rd statement, we would wish to explicate that the Earth is wobbly, so it does non revolve in a accurate nor even manner. Therefore far it creates atmospheric alterations on its ain. Merely by its uneven rotary motion around the Sun. â€Å" Harmonizing to the IPCC, 150 billion metric tons of C go into the ambiance from natural procedures every twelvemonth. This is about 30 times the sum of C worlds emit. † hypertext transfer protocol: //www.grist.org/article/natural-emissions-dwarf-human-emissions A When speaking about natural causes that admit CO2, you could easy convey up things such as vent emanations, and carnal respiration/decay. So many focal point obviously on human emanations and yet what about natures class? Volcanoes entirely can breathe 230 million dozenss of CO2 into our ambiance in a individual twelvemonth. Something every bit small as a little sum of vent exhausts can drastically alter the sum of CO2 in the ambiance as we know it. â€Å" Volcanic eruptions normally contain a figure of harmful gases like C dioxide, S dioxide, H2O vapour, H sulphide, H fluoride, H chloride, C monoxide, halocarbon and metal chlorides. The H chloride and H fluoride nowadays in volcanic eruptions are of import subscribers to acid rain. These compounds get dissolved in H2O droplets, present in clouds and so fall back on Earth as acid rain. â€Å" hypertext transfer protocol: //www.buzzle.com/articles/effects-of-volcanoes.html Now merely conceive of all these harmful elements eating off at our ambiance and destructing it? We merely have one ambiance and with all those gases from something like a vent. A thing that is portion of nature itself that is really endangering the Earth and our being every bit good. But that ‘s merely the thing. Vents do non merely harm us, but they every bit good harm all the workss on the land. And with the emanation of lava and ash autumn. It can run things such as trees, flowers and harvests. Another non- anthropogenic cause is really animals themselves. In fact animate beings can do around 57 billion dozenss of CO2 emanations of all time individual twelvemonth, merely by take a breathing. Animal decay every bit good plays a large portion in CO2 emanations. When a animate being dies it ‘s organic structure releases C dioxide into the air. And when the animate being happens to be in the ocean, it sinks to the underside and releases much more carbon dioxide. This mean s that organic structures of H2O, such as lakes and oceans every bit good have carbon dioxide within them. Plants every bit good let go of C dioxide into the air. Though they do adsorb CO2 utilizing photosynthesis, at dark they use up the O and merely let go of C dioxide. This is another procedure that is known as, â€Å" respiration. † In the spring and autumn clip there is a batch more C dioxide in the air, ( most a consequence from natural causes ) because a batch of workss, animate beings and dead algae are disintegrating. Because most died during the winter clip. This all happens in a rhythm, when the non life and populating organisms exchange C between each other, it is known as â€Å" The Carbon Cycle. †A Mentions:hypertext transfer protocol: //www.grist.org/article/natural-emissions-dwarf-human-emissions hypertext transfer protocol: //www.buzzle.com/articles/effects-of-volcanoe.html hypertext transfer protocol: //www.personal.psu.edu/jam5646/edgloo/project2.html hypertext transfer protocol: //www.geocraft.com/WVFossils/greenhouse_data.html hypertext transfer protocol: //encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/carbon+cycle hypertext transfer protocol: //tellus.ssec.wisc.edu/outreach/teach/ideas/kotoski/Minifact_Sheets/Minifact6_Carbon_Dioxide.pdf A † How much does H2O vapor amplify CO2 warming? Without any feedbacks, a doubling of CO2 would warm the Earth around 1A °C. Taken on its ain, H2O vapour feedback approximately doubles the sum of CO2 warming. When other feedbacks are included ( eg – loss of reflective powers due to runing ice ) , the entire heating from a doubling of CO2 is about 3A °C † – hypertext transfer protocol: //www.skepticalscience.com/water-vapor-greenhouse-gas.htm A Water vapour which is a natural cause does hold a really large impact on our ambiance. It warms the Earth in a certain manner. And can duplicate the consequence that CO2 on its ain seems to hold. In fact when C dioxide increases, it allows H2O vapour to come in the ambiance easier. These two nursery gases work manus and manus when sing the Earth ‘s ambiance. And because of that H2O vapour makes the effects that CO2 manner more worse than they CO2 is on it ‘s ain. The organic affair diminution as good is impacting the CO2 degrees. Organic affair has to make with the natural stuffs that can be found in dirt. â€Å" Organic affair is the fraction of things that one time lived, including works and animate being remains, cells and tissues, works roots and dirt bugs. † -http: //www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/_data/assets/pdf_file/0016/41641/Organic_matter.pdf Organic affair is a beginning of nutrient for things such as workss, because it holds a batch of foods. When added to regular dirt it helps the works to be in a better status than it already was. Organic affair is better for a works because it can absorb more H2O than regular dirt can. In fact it can keep about six times its regular weight in H2O. Which means in desert like topographic points it can do a works last longer and utilize much less H2O often. Because of its diminution, when the dirt in the organic affair ‘s decays, it is let go ofing more and more C dioxide into the ambiance. Since these dirts contain dead organisms it holds twice the sum of C that happens to be held in our ambiance. In Europe ‘s dirt alone it is said to incorporate 75 billion dozenss of organic C, merely by organic affair.A Mentions:hypertext transfer protocol: //www.skepticalscience.com/water-vapor-greenhouse-gas.htm hypertext transfer protocol: //www.geocraft.com/WVFossils/greenhouse_data.html hypertext transfer protocol: //www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0016/41641/Organic_matter.pdf hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/vapor_warming.html hypertext transfer protocol: //www.slate.com/id/2182564/ hypertext transfer protocol: //soco.jrc.ec.europa.eu/documents/ENFactSheet-03.pdf â€Å" As the Earth spins, it does non accomplish perfect rotary motion. It really wobbles somewhat, therefore alternately exposing the northern and southern latitudes to more and less solar radiation. This wobble in the Earth ‘s rotary motion has been doing alterations in the temperature of the ambiance for many 1000000s of old ages. † – hypertext transfer protocol: //www.acoolerclimate.com/global-warming-natural-causes.html A If the Earth is so inaccurate, how could be perchance be certain that everything that is go oning is something that we cause. It is perchance that we may be wholly off on what precisely is in our ambiance in the first topographic point. And because the Earth takes it upon itself to drastically alter the ambiance, there could be unexplained clime alteration. This means that it can convey unaccountable conditions to different topographic points. Such as doing a warmer topographic point like Africa colder and a colder topographic point like as Antarctica heater. Therefore far, this is another natural cause that can turn out to be much more fatal than human activity. It affects non merely human life, but carnal life and even works life. â€Å" Reasonably unstable orbit of our planet as a chief ground why the Earth experiences mass clime alteration and associated extinctions. The Earth ‘s rickety orbit could regularly signal alterations that finally prove fatal to about all species of workss and animate beings populating at a given clip. † -http: //www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,891454,00.html

Holden’s depression by J.D Salinger Essay

According to Psychiatric News the depression rate of a normal 16 year old is 11.5%. Holden Caulfield was apart of that 11.5% because he is disconnected with his family, is drinking heavily and is trying to experience sexual relations with older women. In Catcher in the Rye, J.D Salinger uses Holden’s interactions with his family, alcohol and sexuality to demonstrate his depression. This story describes that with Holden’s brother, Allie passing away it makes his depression rate go higher but lowers as he ‘talks’ to him. â€Å"I felt so depressed, you can’t even imagine. What I did, I started talking, sort of out loud to Allie,†(98) said Holden. This shows that whenever Holden would feel down and depressed that the only person to go to was his brother, Allie. This was a way of comfort for Holden throughout the story. There are more incidents when Holden felt depressed and just talked to his dead brother, Allie, which is Salinger’s way to demonstrate his depression. Alcohol demonstrates Holden’s depression also. â€Å"There isn’t any nightclub in the world you can sit in for a long time unless you can at least buy some liquor and get drunk of unless you’re with some girl that really knocks you out,† said Holden which describes that with the word usage of â€Å"at least buy some liquor and get drunk† meant that for him to have a good time he would need to be drunk to have fun. Also, the words â€Å"unless you’re with some girl that really knocks you out† explains that not just being drunk at a nightclub would make him enjoy himself but just having someone to talk to would also help to get rid of the loneliness. Being alone and needing someone to talk to, links back to Holden’s depression issues. Lastly, Holden is mostly saddened by his sexual relationships with older women. Holden’s quote â€Å"don’t you feel like talking for a while†(124) , lets the reader know that he is scared and doesn’t really want to have sex with Sunny and just needed someone to talk to. Holden wanted to keep the conversation going but could not because Sunny was a prostitute and was only there for the money, not for conversation. The words â€Å"don’t you feel like†¦Ã¢â‚¬  shows that Holden is just asking questions, trying to prevent Sunny from doing her job or ignoring the real reason she was there. This shows that Holden only asked Maurice to send up a girl for him so he would have someone to talk to since he could not talk to his mom about his problems since she wasn’t around. As a result, he tries to connect with other older women instead. Salinger uses Holden’s attraction to older women to demonstrate the extent of his depression and need t o have someone to give a listening ear. Catcher in the Rye demonstrates Holden’s depression by J.D Salinger’s usage of his family, alcohol and sexuality. These quotes all show that his use of alcohol, sexual relationships and the lack of family all contributed to Holden’s depression. His is one of the many teenage depression cases that make up the 11.5% of the nation’s depression rate.

BLerah Essay Example

BLerah Essay Example BLerah Paper BLerah Paper As you read Wunderlis Peasant Fires, please keep the following in mind. They will form the basis for our discussion of the book, and your writing assignment will cover the same material. Who was Hans Behem? What is his story, and why is it important? Hans Behem lived in an enchanted world. Explain this statement. What were the characteristics of this world? How did medieval peasants understand time? The supernatural? Why might they have thought this way? What was Carnival? What happened? Why was it necessary? Why was it dangerous? Why was the Carnival of 1476 particularly roblematic? Consider Carnival from the point of view of both the elites and peasants. What was it like to be a peasant in fifteenth-century Germany? Explain the peasant worldview as described by Wunderli. What was the relationship between individuals and communities? How did wealth and resources factor into this relationship? Explain the relationship between institutional and popular religion in fifteenth century society. What prompted the great pilgrimage to Niklashausen? Who went? What did they hope to gain? How did the authorities both secular and eligious react to Hans Behem, his message and those who followed him? Why did they react this way? What are the connections between this material and the plague sources we Just read? How does the story of Hans Behem illustrate the long-term ramifications of the Black Death? As you read Wunderlis Peasant Fires, please keep the following in mind. They will form the basis for our discussion of the book, and your writing assignment will cover the same material. ramifications of the Black Death? As you read Wunderlis Peasant Fires, please keep ramifications of the Black Death?