Case study of the Image Cafe

Case study of the Image Cafe Image Cafà © was founded by Clarence Wooten in 1998. Prior to that he was also a founded of Envision Designs while he was an undergraduate in 1991 and Metamorphosis Studios in 1994 with co-founder Andre Forde. However, the three company did not really last long. In 1998, Metamorphosis Studios had sold to Medisolv, Inc and Image Cafà © was acquired by Network Solution after sever months of market launch (Clarence Wooten, Jr., 2005). About Clarence Wooten, Jr. Clarence Wooten had a big dream since childhood. His dream is to get rich someday. His childhood hobby was playing with computer games. He was so obsessed with computer that his parents banned him at the age of 14 (Kathryn F, Spinelli, 2004: 33-40). At the age of 18, he attended college to study architecture in Catonsville Community College. During that time he believes that by taking up architecture courses can satisfy his creative instincts. In the early 1990s, many professional architects went back to school to upgrade themselves due to the recession. At that point of time, he manages to learn from the senior architects. After the first two failure of his business, he realised that he did not really understand anything about finance after he read the stories from Fred Smith, Reginald Lewis and Bill Gates. This had inspired him to upgrade himself with a business administration and finance. In 1998, he was graduated with B.S. in Business Administration from Johns Hopkins University (Kathryn F, Spinelli, 2004: 33-40). Clarence Wooten, Jr. Venture Spirit Clarence Wooten started Envision Design which was his first business while he enrolled for Catonsville Community College. The type of service he was offering was using form and cardboard to model out a proposed building. The company did not perform well during that time and eventually closed down (Kathryn F, Spinelli, 2004: 33-40). In 1994, Clarence Wooten started his second company Metamorphosis Studios with his co-founded Andre Forde by focusing on special effects and multimedia presentations. Their first customer is Bingwa, an educational software company. However, Bingwa require Metamorphosis Studios to relocate to Princeton, New Jersey and worked for Bingwa. After a thought Clarence Wooten and Andre Forde turned down the offer as they know they are heading for something big (Kathryn F, Spinelli, 2004: 33-40). Metamorphosis Studios was not a successful project too, in 1998 Metamorphosis Studios was acquired by MediSolv, Inc (Clarence Wooten, Jr., 2005). In early 1998, Clarence Wooten started his third company Image Cafà ©. Back in 1995, internet service began to grow. Many companies had started to create their own companies website in order to promote their products and services over the World Wide Web. However, during that time, many companies do not have their own expertise to create a website. Clarence Wooten knew that this is an opportunity and started Image Cafà © to help companies by design their website to promote their products and services over the web (Kathryn F, Spinelli, 2004: 33-40). At the start of Image Cafà ©, Clarence Wooten went around to search for capital in order to start his business. What Clarence Wooten wants was $300,000 capital based on $3 million valuation. In total he received $110,000 from 10 different investors. Image Cafà © website was ready to launch after four month of preparation. However, at that point of time, Clarence Wooten had utilised the cash during the launch. He went back to the existing investors to ask for additional $150,000 in form of bridge loan. This time, Clarence Wooten expects to raise $3million at $10 million valuation (Kathryn F, Spinelli, 2004: 33-40). In June 1999, Image Cafà © once again runs out of cash. He approaches three major investors who are keen on investing, two venture capital firms and Network Solution. This time he asked for $1 million from each investor on a $10 million valuation. Out of three, one investor felt that $10 million valuation is too high. Clarence Wooten remembered Mid-Atlantic Venture Association was interested to invest in Image Cafà ©. After negotiation, Mid-Atlantic Venture Association will not invest till Clarence Wooten perform the required due diligence. However, Mid-Atlantic Venture understands that Clarence Wooten needs immediate cash so they refer him to two new investors who willing to give him the loan at $300,000 bridge loan on $6 million valuation. At this point of time, Clarence Wooten need to make a final decision to look for more investor or continues to fight as all a long Clarence Wooten wanted a $10 million valuation (Kathryn F, Spinelli, 2004: 33-40). A Business Plan to Manage Clarence Wooten Business The author felt that Clarence Wooten cannot sustain his business is because his venture spirit lacks of a proper business plan. Every business he does he only based on his feeling, he thinks he believes or the investor might all these are base on what he feels. Before starting a business, he should draft a business plan outline. By doing that, he will have a better view on what he is doing. Business plan outline consist of an Executive Summary on the entire business plan. Second, Company Description is about his products and services, ownership, partnerships etc. Third, Industry Analysis base on industry trends, size, growth rate and sales projection. Fourth, Market Analysis on buyer behaviour, competitor analysis, market segmentation and target market selection. Fifth, Marketing Plan focuses on how Clarence Wooten should market his services. Sixth, Management Team and Company Structure consist of the founder and key personnel. Seventh, Operations Plan is about how the company will r un and how do Clarence Wooten produce his work. Eighth, Product (or Service) Design and Development Plan on development status and tasks, challenges and risks, and Intellectual Property. Finally, Financial Projections is a very important factor for entrepreneur. Clarence Wooten should layout how much money his firm needs before the start of his business and how he is going to raise the money and how he is going to use the money. He should not source for investor when he feels that money is not enough (Bruce R. Barringer R. Duane Ireland, 2010: 144-154). Conclusion Clarence Wooten is daring, creative and smart guy. To start a business, the founder or founders should have a proper business plan. From the business plan the founder or founders will be able to have a better view on what are their strength and weakness is there any opportunity or threat to start or with the business. Fire fighting is not advisable, the founder and founders should prevent fire from burning. Essay Title: Case Study Roxanne Quimby Introduction Roxanne Quimby was graduated from San Francisco Art Institute in oil painted. She has two sisters, one working with AMEX and one working with Charles Schwab, her father worked for Merrill Lynch. During her collage time, Roxanne Quimbys father disowned her due to her father found out that she was living with her boyfriend (Franklin W. Olin, Jeffery A. Timmons Rebecca Voorheis, 1997: 119-125). In 1975, Roxanne Quimby married her boyfriend and moved to Guiford, Maina. They bought a land and build a two room house without electricity, water nor phone. Two years after married, Roxanne Quimby gives birth to a twin. However their married did not last long, when their twins were four, their married broke apart (Franklin W. Olin, Jeffery A. Timmons Rebecca Voorheis, 1997: 119-125). In the 1984, Roxanne Quimby came to know Burt Shavitz. Burt Shavitz was a beekeeper with 30 hives. During that time, Burt Shavitz was earning $3000 a year by selling honey off the back of his truck during hunting season (Franklin W. Olin, Jeffery A. Timmons Rebecca Voorheis, 1997: 119-125). After Roxanne Quimby and Burt Shavitz met, the bond was immediate. Burt Bees is born. History of Burts Bees Burts Bees was founder by Roxanne Quimby and Burt Shavitz in 1984 by starting to sell candle made from beeswax (Burts Bees, 2010). They earned their first $200 during a school craft fair, sales went up to $20,000 at the end of first year (Heather Riccio Hilary Rowland, 2010). In 1989, Burts Bees expanded their production and hired 40 employees to start set up a shop (Burts Bees, 2010). In 1991, Burts Bees increased their products variety. Besides selling candle they have invented soaps, perfumes and their best selling item is lip balm (Burts Bees, 2010). From 1993 to 1994, due to the increase of order they started to look high and low for a new location to expand their product line (Burts Bees, 2010). After a search they have relocated Burts Bees from Maine to North Carolina and dismissed 44 employees back in Maine (Franklin W. Olin, Jeffery A. Timmons Rebecca Voorheis, 1997: 119-125). Why the move? At that moment, Roxanne Quimbly sat down at her new location surrounded by all the unpacked boxes and keep asking herself, why did she move Burts Bees out from Maine? Should she sell Burts Bees away, as she might not need the business when her child grow up or stay in North Carolina to expand her business (Franklin W. Olin, Jeffery A. Timmons Rebecca Voorheis, 1997: 119-125). The reason for the move is due to high transport cost, high payroll taxes and lack of expertise in Maine. In Maine, Roxanne Quimbly hardly can hire a manager to help manage their business, this was due to the location of their business. In order to cope with the demand, Roxanne Quimbly has no time to focus on the management issues too. One fine day, Roxanne Quimbly just felt that Burts Bees have to move away from it current location. She was looking at the map and notice North Carolina. By looking at the map she felt that North Carolina seemed central compare to other location. Without any objection from Burt Shavitz, they did a three days tour in North Carolina and shifted in 1994 (Franklin W. Olin, Jeffery A. Timmons Rebecca Voorheis, 1997: 119-125). Question to ask before the move? Is the industry a realistic place for their new business? Second, can their company do a better job than other as to avoid or diminish the factors that suppress the industry profitability? Third, do they have any unique position in the industry that able to avoid or diminish the forces that suppress the industry profitability? Lastly, do they have any superior business model that can put in place (Bruce R. Barringer R. Duane Ireland, 2010: 182-183)? If the above answer is yes, then the business will be success. However, if any of the answer is no, this indicates that the company should reconsidering the new venture (Bruce R. Barringer R. Duane Ireland, 2010: 182-183). Conclusion Before the move to North Carolina, Roxanne Quimbly and Burt Shavitz should sit down to go through a business plan by using SWOT model. Using SWOT model to compare what are the strength and weakness to have business between Maine and North Carolina. Is there really an opportunity in North Carolina (eg. Low taxes and expertise) and types of threat they might face (eg. Competitive markets, security). Roxanne Quimbly should not start asking herself why she moves Burts Bees when she had moved. Essay Title: Case Study Globant Introduction Globant is an information technology (IT) outsourcer in Argentina, over the three years Globant sales have exceeded $12 million. Today Globant is one of the largest independent IT outsourcer companies in Argentina (Shingo Murakami, Roger Premo, Ina Trantcheva Eril Yeager, 2006). About Globant Globant was founded in year 2003 by four engineers. They left their job and started Globant when they noticed that there was an increase growth of IT outsourcing in India (Globant, 2010). They started their own business base on simple strategy: Recruit the best local talent and deliver high-quality solution by ensuring superb customer service (Cited: Shingo Murakami, Roger Premo, Ina Trantcheva Eril Yeager, 2006: 234-244). During hiring, human resource focuses on three distinct areas they are: People care, Career and talent development and Staffing and recruiting. People care focus on personnel benefits and work environment. Career and talent development focus on employees growth in the organisation by offering training or courses. Staffing and recruiting focus on attract and hiring in new talent (Shingo Murakami, Roger Premo, Ina Trantcheva Eril Yeager, 2006: 234-244). . After seven years of hard work, Globant had become a global payer in the IT industry with a team of 1500 professionals. Globant had also received many awards and recognitions from different institutions. They are: MIT, Endeavor, Global Services, La Nacià ³n, Sadosky, International Association of Outsourcing Professionals, The Black Book of Outsourcing and Mercurio (Globant, 2010). Why Outsource? Over the past decade many organisation are trying to focus on their core business. In order to do so, most of the multinational companies are outsourcing part of their functions out to third party companies. Example: Recruitment, Marketing, Call centre, Logistics, IT etc. In early 1990s, some of the multinational companies start to outsource their IT function. Base on a research done by Forrester Research, by 2005 in United Stated IT outsourcing market have grown to $84 billion (see Globant Exhibit 1) (Shingo Murakami, Roger Premo, Ina Trantcheva Eril Yeager, 2006: 234-244). There are many reasons why organisations choose to outsource their functions. However, the most three critical areas are: (1) Cost and time saving, (2) Lack of expertise in the organisation, (3) To focus on company core business (Shingo Murakami, Roger Premo, Ina Trantcheva Eril Yeager, 2006: 234-244). Competition in 2006 During 2006, when IT industry reached a matured stated, Globant is facing a fierce competition not only from the local market, they are also facing challenge from giants companies like IBM, EDS, direct competitors and other country in term of cost (see Globant Exhibit 3) (Shingo Murakami, Roger Premo, Ina Trantcheva Eril Yeager, 2006: 234-244). Example: Tata Consulting Services (TCS) in Mumbai, India with 90,000 employees. Infosys in Pine, India with 80,000 employees and more than 3 billion in revenues. Luxoft from Russia and Accenture which based in Chicago. Michael Porters Five Forces Model With the competition come from all direction, Globant management can consider to apply using Michael Porters Five Forces Model to over come the threat (Bruce R. Barringer R. Duane Ireland, 2010: 174-180). They are: Threat of Substitutes, Threat of New Entrants, Rivalry Among Existing Firms, Bargaining Power of Suppliers and Bargaining Power of Buyers (Bruce R. Barringer R. Duane Ireland, 2010: 174-180). Threat of Substitutes: Compare competitor products and services and theirs. How can they be different whereby others cannot have any substitution (Bruce R. Barringer R. Duane Ireland, 2010: 174-180)? Threat of New Entrants: Economies of scale willing to accept cost disadvantage. Product differentiation to achieve product differentiation from others. Capital requirements require new company to invest large amount of money. Cost advantages independent of size, Access to distribution channels and Government and legal barriers require license by the authority before enter (Bruce R. Barringer R. Duane Ireland, 2010: 174-180). Rivalry Among Existing Firms: focus on Number and balance of competitors, Degree of difference between products, Growth rate of an industry (Bruce R. Barringer R. Duane Ireland, 2010: 174-180). Bargaining Power of Suppliers: focus on Supplier concentration, Switching costs, Attractiveness of substitutes and Threat of forward integration (Bruce R. Barringer R. Duane Ireland, 2010: 174-180). Bargaining Power of Buyers; focus on Buyer group concentration, Buyers costs Degree of standardization of suppliers products and Threat of backward integration (Bruce R. Barringer R. Duane Ireland, 2010: 174-180). Conclusion In today environment, organisation not only facing competition from the local market it is also facing competition from all over the world. As what we see from the case study, Globant are facing direct competition from India IT firms and local Multinational companies. If Globant wants their customers to continue to use their service besides focusing on their products, they might need to focus on their after sales service. Essay Title: Case Study Quick Lube Franchise Corporation (QLFC) Introduction This research is base on a case study of Quick Lube Franchise Corporation (QLFC). Quick Lube Franchise Corporation was a franchisee of Super Lube. Super Lube was founded by Mr Jeff Martin in March 1979 (Stephen Spinelli William By-grave, 1991). Their core business at that time is focusing on quick lube concept, servicing the lube, motor oil etc. Super lube is also the number one franchiser of quick lubrication and oil change servicing centre in United States (Stephen Spinelli William By-grave, 1991). In 1980s, Super lube is having some financial issues. In order to pull out from the financial issues, Super Lube sold 80 per cent of it share to Huston, the major oil company during that time (Stephen Spinelli William By-grave, 1991). Mr Frank Herget was one of the four founders of Super Lube. However, during that time Mr Jeff Martin, chairman and CEO of Super Lube, is committed to franchising his servicing centre. Due to their differences, Mr Frank Herget set up his own company name Quick Lube Franchise Corporation (Stephen Spinelli William By-grave, 1991). Relationship between Quick Lube Franchise Corporation and Huston In 1982, Mr Frank Herget started off with two service centres. Over the ten years of hard work Quick Lube Franchise Corporation grow from two service centre to forty-seven service centres (see QLFC Exhibit 1). During that time Mr Frank Herget CEO of Quick Lube Franchise Corporation was facing debt for further financing new service centres as the cost of land and construction have rise from $350,000 to $750,000 per service centres comparing to ten years ago (Stephen Spinelli William By-grave, 1991). At that point of time, Mr Frank Herget knew that rapid growth is impossible till Quick Lube Franchise Corporation stuck a deal of $6.5 million from Huston Oil of subordinated debt. From there, Quick Lube Franchise Corporation was committed to purchase Huston products (Stephen Spinelli William By-grave, 1991). QLFC Exhibit 1 Source: Citied from Case Quick Lube Franchise Corporation (QLFC) Current Issues facing by Quick Lube Franchise Corporation When Huston had acquired 80 percent of Super Lube due to their financial problems, most of the franchisees start to felt discontent. As the franchisor is now focusing on motor oil sales instead of their service centre profit (Stephen Spinelli William By-grave, 1991). Mr Frank Herget did some research about the past relationship between Quick Lube Franchise Corporation and Super Lube. After a thorough analysis Mr Frank Herget request for a meeting with the new franchisor, Huston to present his finding and concerns (Stephen Spinelli William By-grave, 1991). Mr Frank Herget main concern is that Huston is only interested in promoting the core products (lubricant oil) via franchisee chain and not in the area of promoting the service centers profitability. Mr Frank Herget also felt that there is a conflict of interest, as Huston is selling their product to Quick Lube Franchise Corporation as a franchisor and obligated to promote service centre profitability (Stephen Spinelli William By-grave, 1991). According to the license agreement it stated that, The franchisee is contractually bound to a system of operation and to pay the franchisor a royalty in the form of a percentage of top-line sales (Citied: Stephen Spinelli William By-grave, 1991). Since Quick Lube Franchise Corporation is paying a loyalty fees to the franchisor how can they also benefit from the core product sales profit. These have goes against the franchise ethics of conflicts of interest between franchisors and their franchisees (Bruce R. Barringer R. Duane Ireland, 2010: 535-536). Recommendation to resolve the issues Base on the research Quick Lube Franchise Corporation did not violate nor beach the contract called license agreement, as Mr Frank Herget was still providing service as a service centers operator. After Huston acquires 80 percent of Super Lube, Huston should offer a new license agreement to Super Lube existing franchisees. Huston should offer a solution pertaining to Quick Lube Franchise Corporation oil deal and, franchisor and franchisee agreement to avoid conflict of interest. Conclusion It is important to practices franchise ethics in order for the franchisees to trust the franchisor. Franchisor must not have the mentality to get rich by just franchises. Overselling or over promise might end up losing franchisees (Bruce R. Barringer R. Duane Ireland. 2010: 535-536). Franchisor must be firm on what types of service they expect from the franchisees. Taking the above case study as example, Quick Lube Franchise Corporation do not understand should they be promoting core product from the franchsior or promoting service centers profitability. If the franchsior, it unclear this will lead to conflict of interest. Essay Title: Case Study Indulgence Spa Products Introduction Robert Dawson and Ulissa Moser was parent of Jimella and Angela. In 1959, Robert Dawson invests $10 in Fuller Products sales kit and started selling personal care products in Brooklyn, New York (Sandra Sowell-Scott, 2005: 614-625). In 1963, Robert Dawson fell in love with Ulissa Moser and they got married. Few years later they started their very own business by opening a Fuller products distributorship (Sandra Sowell-Scott, 2005: 614-625). In 1978, Robert Dawson and Ulissa Moser expanded their business which includes Dawson Beauty School and beauty supply chain in Midwest. In year 1988, their business get better and they opened their first 37,000 square foot headquarter office and manufacturing facility in Chicago. At the same time Jimella came abroad as a Marketing Director (Sandra Sowell-Scott, 2005: 614-625). Jimella was their younger daughter, she was very hard working. At the age of 11 she started to help her parents by selling products door-to-door (Sandra Sowell-Scott, 2005: 614-625). In 2000, Jimella launched a new line of luxury product named Indulgence. She was selling along with Dawson product in the start (Sandra Sowell-Scott, 2005: 614-625). In 2003, Jimella changed the way of selling their products. She took the ideas by using salaried sales representative, she changed the selling method by using multilevel marketing sales model also can be known as direct selling (Sandra Sowell-Scott, 2005: 614-625). Starting of Indulgence Since young, Robert Dawson and Ulissa Moser have thought their children to dream big and never try to take the easy way for their success. Jimella has an entrepreneurial spirit just like her father. The reason why Jimella wanted to pull Indulgence out from Dawson product line was because she knew that if she continued to stay with Dawson, she would never be able to make any important decisions as her parents were still in control. Any major decision would still need to go through her parents. (Sandra Sowell-Scott, 2005: 614-625). At that time, Ulissa Moser also felt that the product line was going two different directions. Ulissa Moser wanted Jimella to succeed in what she does, however she also wanted Dawson products to continue to be a successful grow family business (Sandra Sowell-Scott, 2005: 614-625). Ulissa Moser had a conversation with Jimella by telling her that running a business is not as easy as what she think. She needs a lot of time commitment compare to working for her parents. Jimella confidently replied her mother that she was ready for the coming challenges. With the support from her parents, she started her business (Sandra Sowell-Scott, 2005: 614-625). Although Jimella was starting her own business, her parents had arranged her to work for Dawson and handle special projects. In return, Dawson would lend Indulgence Spa Products $250,000 and allowing her to use Dawson to manufacture her products (Sandra Sowell-Scott, 2005: 614-625). Road to Success Jimella is a smart lady. From the case study, the author found that she is equiped with some personal characteristics of an entrepreneurship besides getting support and understanding from her parents. She had identified some of the critical issues if she continues to work under her parents. From there, she identified the opportunity and started off with her own business from her prior experience from Dawson. Jimella is also alert in term of running her own business. Instead of having salaried sales representative, she changed to direct selling. From there, the sales representative did not really depend on their basic salary but were going for commission. The more they sell, the more money they are getting back. This can be known as cognitive factors, an opportunity that others might miss (Bruce R. Barringer R. Duane Ireland, 2010: 77-81). Social Networking is another important factor as a successful entrepreneur. When Jimella was a Chief Marketing Officer (CMO) in Dawson she had made a bold move by firing lazy or unproductive employees. From there she had developed a nurturing family work place, where employees were able to feel long term employment in Dawson (Bruce R. Barringer R. Duane Ireland, 2010: 77-81). Creativity is also one of the factors that Jimella have. As a CMO in Dawson, she had initiated several operation changes example: direct selling. She also brought in new direction plan for Indulgence Spa Products by using five creative processes. They are: Preparation, Incubation, Insight, Evaluation and Elaboration (Bruce R. Barringer R. Duane Ireland, 2010: 77-81). Conclusion Jimella is a very hands on person. Since young she had started to learn the hard way of selling. As an entrepreneur, besides having family support, she also understand an entrepreneur must also have a clear mind on which direction they are going. Having prior experience, cognitive factor, social network and creativity is important (Bruce R. Barringer R. Duane Ireland, 2010: 77-81).

Assess the Argument That Modern Childhood Is a ‘March of Progress‘

The march of progress, traditionally depicting a compressed presentation of 25 million years of human evolution, can be applied to sociologists view on childhood- is it ‘evolving’ for the better? The ‘March of progress’ view argues that, over the past few centuries, childhood in western societies has been improving steadily, and is even better than ever today. We can then go onto say that the ‘march of progress’ evidently paints a bad picture of the past; as Lloyd De Mause puts it- â€Å"The history of childhood is a nightmare from which we have only begun to awaken. The further back in history one goes, the lower the level of childcare, and the more likely children are to be killed, abandoned, beaten, terrorised and sexually abused. † Writers like Aries and Shorter look on from this dark past, and hold to the belief that children are more valued, better cared for, protected & educated, enjoy better health and have a lot more rights than previous generations. On the other hand, certain sociologists would disagree with this; for example, Sue Palmers. Her view uplifts the concept of â€Å"The Five Finger Exercise†; the belief that ‘language, love, education, play & discipline’ are what children crucially need for healthy development. In her opinion, children in the UK today are going through, what she calls, ‘toxic childhood’- in the past 25 years, children’s physical, emotional and academic development have been effected and damaged by rapid technological and cultural changes. These ‘changes’ include emphasis on testing in education, computer games, junk food, intensive marketing on children, even the long hours parents work. All of these factors (which weren’t as dominant in society, in the past) have negative effects i. e. an increase in child obesity. Neil Postman has a similar negative opinion on childhood- he stated that childhood is ‘disappearing at a dazzling speed’. In contrast to Palmers opinion that children are being affected by rapid technological and cultural changes, Postman believes the disappearance of childhood is down to young people being given the same rights as adults. Similarities in the way children and adults dress, the decrease of traditional unsupervised games, ven rare cases of children committing ‘adults crimes’, such as murder. Also, as education intensifies, young people will be able to enter the adult world at an earlier age, rapidly increasing the disappearance of childhood. Though Iona Opie argues that this is not true that childhood is not disappearing; she believes there is still evidence that childhood culture exists, based on a lifetime of research into children’s games, rhymes and songs (led by herself and her husband, Peter Opie). Contradictory to Postman’s findings, Opie came to the conclusion that children can, and do, create their own independent culture which is separate from that of adults. Child liberations argue against both Palmers and Postman- they argue that western ideas of childhood are being globalised (far from disappearing). International humanitarian and welfare agencies have imposed western norms on the world, of what childhood should be- a separate life stage, based in the nuclear family and school, where children are innocent, dependant & vulnerable and have no economic role. Therefore, childhood is far from disappearing, but western notions are simply being globalised. For example, anti child labour campaigns, or concerns about ‘street children’ in less economically developed countries, reflect western ideas of what childhood is ‘ought’ to be like. Though this kind of activity could be the norm for children in that specific culture; possibly important preparation for adult life in their society. So in this view, childhood isn’t ‘disappearing’, but it is spreading across the world.

In This Essay the Myth of Equality Between Men and Women Will Be Discussed and Progress Made by Women so Far, for the Fight of Equality Will Be Examined.

Year 10 ENGLISH Assessment 1:3 – Using Language to Persuade Unit 1 Outcome 3: Analyse the use of language in texts that present a point of view on a current issue. TASK: Produce writing that analyses the use of language in persuasive texts. You will have two class periods to complete this assessment task. The prior two periods will be to prepare. Test conditions will apply throughout the writing of the assessment.. You must analyse 2 written texts, which will be provided at the beginning of your first preparation lesson.You may use a dictionary (bring your own). You may also bring in one sheet of notes to the assessment writing classes. On the reverse of this sheet there is a copy of the Assessment Criteria for this task. You should produce a minimum of one page per text to be analysed. Each text should have a minimum of one page analytical essay. Your opinion on the issue in the persuasive text, SHOULD NOT be included as a part of your analytic essay.English Assessment â€⠀œ 1:3 Using Language to Persuade Nature of task: Produce writing that analyses the use of language in two persuasive texts. Student’s Name: _______________________________________________________________________ |   |5 |4 |3 |2 |1 | |Criterion 1: Knowledge Analysis and omparison of ways in which language is|   |   |   |   |   | |used to position readers. (10 marks) | | | | | | |1. Analysis of language |Sophisticated |Detailed |Analysis |Some |Little | |2.Expression of the ways in which language of selected persuasive texts is|Insightful |Careful |Some |Limited |Little | |used to position readers in a particular way | | | | | | |Criterion 2: Expressive and coherent writing, with appropriate use of |   |   |   |   |   | |metalanguage (10 marks) | | | | | | |1.Expressive and coherent |High |Expressive |General |Clear |Simple | |2. Appropriate metalanguage |High |Relevant |Mostly |Some |Limited | Marks_____/20 Teacher comments/areas for improvement_________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Essay about Cruel Intentions - 931 Words

The film Cruel Intentions is a narration based on a bet between two step-siblings exploring society’s sexual boundaries. We are first introduced to Sebastian, a fifth year high school Senior with no respect for anyone/ thing except his own reputation of sexual conquest. His stepsister Kathryn is, well, as she puts it â€Å"Im the Marsha fucking Brady of the Upper East Side†. A quick summary, Sebastian wants to have sex with Annette, the new head master’s daughter who wrote a manifesto on why she intends to wait until marriage. Kathryn makes a bet with he that he won’t be able to, and spends the rest of the movie trying to corrupt innocent little Cecile who is her ex’s new infatuation. Cecile is in love with the cello teacher of a different†¦show more content†¦Sebastian has sex for his reputation as a conqueror, â€Å"I take pleasure in others’ misery,† is one of his final testimonies. Sleeping around with Manhattan Debutantes builds his repute giving him pleasure. Women in contrast, are having sex for love, (with the exception of Kathryn who is not having sex for love, but still an emotion, revenge). The psychiatrist’s daughter is upset because she was tricked into her scandal because â€Å"he told me he loved me and I believed him†. Through Cecil it is portrayed in a different manner, but leads to the same thing. Kathryn tries to persuade her to learn all she can from Sebastian which is replied with â€Å"But I don’t love him, I love Ronald.† Showing to the core that woman want to have sex for their emotions for their partners. She gives in when she is persuaded that you do it to practice so that she can make Ronald happy. Twisted as it may be, it is still an excuse based on feelings for a lover. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Certain rules apply in film, for instance, there can not a plot with a sexual theme with out sexual communication. As portrayed in this film, communication keeps to what was learned through lecture as well as the Coupling clip, you can engage in sexual activity with a partner, but you talk about it with friends. Kathryn and Cecil openly talk about it throughout the film, the topic of kissing while they are in the park and the topic of oral sex in Cecil’s house.Show MoreRelatedCruel Intentions Movie Review567 Words   |  2 PagesIn the film Cruel Intentions, Kathryn Merteuil is portrayed as a manipulative mastermind, who suffers from the addiction of cocaine. She is prideful of herself on destroying the lives of others while having the benefit of meeting her own needs. Kathryn comes from a wealthy family. She portrays herself differently while being in the public eyes; a popular student, a devoted Christian and a student body president at her prestige ’s school. She comes off as a lady with moral integrity. However, SebastianRead MoreA Moral Examination of Roger Kumbles Cruel Intentions Essay878 Words   |  4 PagesI cant remember ever seeing a film with more moral problems and issues than Roger Kumbles Cruel Intentions. Although the film is intended to be a dark comedy and a teenage version of Dangerous Liaisons, Cruel Intentions is a mature and often shocking look at a potential realistic situation played up as a fantasy tale that offers a sickening example of the moral decay present in our society. Morals seem to change from generation to generation, and as time goes on it seems that at one time what wasRead More Comparing Dangerous Liaisons by Choderlos de Laclos and Cruel Intentions the Movie1327 Words   |  6 PagesComparing Dangerous Liaisons by Choderlos de Laclos and Cruel Intentions the Movie It is my intention to compare the book, Dangerous Liaisons by Choderlos de Laclos, to its modern movie version, Cruel Intentions starring Sarah Michelle Gellar. I intend to examine how the original French text was modified in reference to plot, character, morals/values, and themes. I also plan to discuss how these transformations change the meaning of the story and reflect different cultural/historical contextsRead MorePortrayal Of A Patient With Borderline Personality Disorder986 Words   |  4 PagesKathryn Merteuil, the primary antagonist in Cruel Intentions, is the master at manipulating both men and women. She is the most popular girl at her school and bases the entirety of her self-worth on her perception that everyone either wants her or wants to be her. In order to maintain her appearance, Kathryn binges and purges and has a heavy cocaine addiction. Although well liked and popular, Kathryn holds no stable relationships and is easily upset and irritated when things do not go her wayRead MoreSherman Alexie s Without Reservation980 Words   |  4 Pagesmessage is clearly defined to the reader and is always a shock at the end. After reading this article I have come to the conclusion that Sherman Alexie entails his dark humor and storytelling style to purposefully misinterpret Indians to demonstrate his cruel and genuine message. Row, in â€Å" Without Reservation† emphasizes that Alexie is a storyteller and not a prose fiction writer. A story teller, he defines, has work that, â€Å"... contains, openly or covertly, something useful †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Row 1). Row goes on by givingRead MoreArgumentative Essay: Is Facebook Making You Mean?834 Words   |  4 Pages Facebook is built around the idea that people should be able to project themselves and speak their minds, but it seems like some people have taken that privilege too far. I believe that it is important to protect yourself from people with cruel intentions on the internet and Facebook by being selective about who you befriend, how you post pictures, and guidance for how to effectively communicate online. The biggest issue with Facebook is the fact that people feel entitled to comment about everythingRead MoreThe Is Not The Ideal World1466 Words   |  6 PagesIn an ideal world, people would all be kind and nice to each other, empathize with each others sorrows, sulk in each others happiness and live civilly on this planet together. Unfortunately, this is not the ideal world. People have a tendency to be cruel and nasty towards each other; rather than empathizing - they feel good about hardship not occurring to them, and rather than sulking in each other’s happiness - they bury themselves with greed and envy towards the person. Despite how much some wantRead MoreAnalysis Of Nicolo Machiavelli s The Prince1536 Words   |  7 Pageswish to be considered kind rather than cruel. Nevertheless, he must take care to avoid misusing his kindness,† indicating that there is not only an importance on selecting certain qualities, but a stronger importance on how an individual execu tes those qualities (65). A powerful ruler must be able to set themselves apart from others. The populace will express hatred toward a cruel ruler, which is how Machiavelli subtly illustrates the process of how a cruel ruler can obtain enemies. Without the approvalRead MoreThe Boy In The Striped Pyjamas Character Analysis835 Words   |  4 PagesKotler grew very angry with Pavel and no one—not Bruno, not Gretel, not Mother and not even Father—stepped in to stop him doing what he did next, even though it made Bruno cry and Gretel grow pale† (p. 149). Lieutenant Kotler is shown again being cruel when he is found killing a dog. â€Å"Once when Bruno was watching the camp from his bedroom window he saw a dog approach the fence and start barking loudly, and when Lieutenant Kotler heard it he marched right over to the dog and shot it† (p. 162). ItRead MoreAnalysis Of Controlling Katherine : The Cruelty, Abuse, And Manipulation Of Petruchios Language1542 Words à ‚  |  7 Pagesnecessitates close reading. Analysis of Petruchio’s unscrupulous, harsh, and offensive language and staged productions reveal Petruchio not as a romantic comedy hero but instead as a manipulative, cruel, and abusive man. During their first encounter, Petruchio’s use of language immediately reveals his manipulative, cruel, and abusive nature. His first significant linguistic move is to rename Katherine: You lie, in faith, for you are call’d plain Kate, And bonny Kate, and sometimes Kate the curst; But Kate

Childhood Emotional Abuse Essay - 2295 Words

Although all therapists are aware of the childhood emotional abuse issue, it is possible that only few therapists understand the scope of the issue. Emotional maltreatment is harder to detect than other forms of abuse because it is more subtle. When Child Protective Services (CPS) conduct family assessments, it is the hardest form of abuse to prove because parents are very open about the topic and emotional abuse does not leave any physical evidence behind. However, it certainly influences a childs self-esteem, promotes the feeling of guilt, insecurity, and creates the inability to form stable relationships during adulthood. Although some behavioral disorders are related to emotional abuse, it is not possible to predict it correctly†¦show more content†¦However, all forms of child abuse carry emotional consequences because the childs psychological and emotional development inevitably suffers from all forms of abuse. An intervention model that would focus on emotional abuse c ould also focus on preventing other forms of abuse because violent behavior towards children often comes from the same underlying causes, and most risk factors for child maltreatment are associated with caregiver, family, and environmental factors (McDonald, 2007). With this in mind, a possible solution would have to include early detection, but the intervention would most likely focus on factors that cause all types of child abuse. Despite the widespread occurrences of all forms of abuse, emotional neglect or maltreatment are practically impossible to detect while they occur and impair the childs normal development and social integration. Emotional abuse includes includes verbal, mental, and psychological maltreatment of children, and it is frequently overlooked by the community and mental health professionals who do not define emotional abuse as a suitable factor for diagnostic purposes (as cited in Schneider, Baumrind, Kimerling, 2007). In reality, emotional abuse is frequently used in many families, it occurs in several worldwide cultures, and it carries significant consequences that should not be overlooked. Emotional abuseShow MoreRelatedEarly Childhood Abuse and the Effects on Emotional Development1352 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Early childhood abuse and the effects on emotional development Abstract The present research is aimed at providing an account of early childhood abuse and its effects on further emotional development. A first focus falls on outlining the psychological stages of emotional development and the notion of emotional response, followed by a thorough analysis of the child abuse spectrum together with effects, both early and belated, of general and most notably socio-emotional nature. Firstly, the meaningRead MoreThe Documentary Child Of Rage 1664 Words   |  7 Pagesspecifier of childhood onset with limited prosocial emotions and is severe (APA, 2013). I felt it was remarkable the therapy she received did so much for her and literally saved her life. Reactive attachment disorder is described (Kress Paylo, 2014) as a disorder in which the child received extreme neglect by the primary caregiver and as a result does not form emotional bonds with others. Recent studies, state Kress Paylo (2014), show that all children in order to develop emotional bonding withRead MoreChildhood And Adolescent Mental Health1340 Words   |  6 Pages Childhood and Adolescent mental health disorders are highly debated and controversial area of health care. There are a few disorders that have been researched deeply and they still have controversy attached to them, some about them being a disorder and some about the treatment regimen prescribe for the disorder. There are three classes of these disorders, the internalizing, the externalizing, and the neurodevelopmental disorder. The internalizing class is a class of disorders where the patientRead MoreWhere Does Bad Behavior Do Children Come From?1515 Words   |  7 Pagesopportunity to learn cooperat ion, and they take on more responsibility. Although these important things to learn in life, there are also some disadvantages to having a large family. The biggest one that children of large families suffer with is the emotional crises of sibling rivalry. While sibling rivalry is perfectly normal either the older child could feel â€Å"dethroned† from his/her position in the family or the younger child may suffer from feeling of being the shadow of the older sibling. On theRead MoreHow Trauma Affects Coping : A Brazilian Study Of Twenty One Female Bipolar Patients1712 Words   |  7 Pageson coping and bipolar disorder. Of the participants, 80% of reported during childhood they had experienced emotional abuse, 68% reported physical abuse, 63% reported physical neglect. Emotional neglect was reported in 43% of individuals, 27% reported sexual abuse. (Daruy-Filho, Brietzke, Kluwe-Schiavon, Fabres, Grassi-Oliveira, 2013) This study found a linear relationship between freq uencies of emotional abuse in childhood and decreased use of coping skills. (Daruy-Filho, Brietzke, Kluwe-SchiavonRead MoreChildhood Trauma Can Have A Significant Impact On The Behaviour1460 Words   |  6 PagesChildhood trauma can have a significant impact on the behaviour of an individual. Previous research has shown how trauma causes behavioral problems and can also result in mental disorders in the person. Studies conducted by Gabriele et al. (2002) and Sara et al. (2013) show how incidences of physical, sexual, and emotional abuse are widespread in patients with bipolar disorder. Gabriele et al. (2002) conducted the research to find out the impact of adverse childhood events, mainly physical andRead MoreChild Abuse And Its Effects On Children1132 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Child abuse takes many different forms. Including physical, sexual, emotional, or neglect of a children by parents, guardians, or others responsible for a child s welfare. Regardless of the type of abuse, the child’s devolvement is greatly impacted. The child’s risk for emotional, behavioral, academic, social, and physical problems in life increase. According to the Child Maltreatment Report by the Children’s Bureau (1999) the most common form of child abuse in the United States isRead MoreChild Sexual Abuse and Its Impact on The Developing Brain, An Annotated Bibliography846 Words   |  4 Pages1) â€Å"Child Sexual Abuse, Traumatic Experiences, and Their Impact on the Developing Brain† Gaskill, Richard L. and Perry, Bruce D. (2012) â€Å"Child Sexual Abuse, Traumatic Experiences, and Their Impact on the Developing Brain† Handbook of Child Sexual Abuse: Identification, Assessment, and Treatment. Online. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781118094822.ch2/pdf Annotated Bibliography: In this article, the author is making an argument that sexual abuse causes brain development problems inRead MoreAnti Social Personality Disorder ( Ocd )1327 Words   |  6 PagesAbuse and neglect during childhood have a strong predisposition to having anti-social personality disorder â€Å"In 2013, an estimate of 679, 000 children were abused or neglected† (National Children’s Alliance, 2013). Abuse and/or neglect history in young adults can have strong impact physically and emotionally. Previous researchers have found that abuse and/or neglect in young adults can be one linked to personality disorders. They have found that Anti-social Personality Disorder (APD) can be oneRead MoreThe Signs And Symptoms Of Psychological Abuse1113 Words   |  5 PagesPsychological abuse also known as emotional abuse is when someone affects the emotional and social aspect of someone’s life. It is a pattern of behaviors by caregivers that interferes with cognitive, emotional, psychological, and social development. In other words’ it is when someone does something intentionally to hurt the emotional aspects of another person. What are the signs/symptoms of psychological abuse? Unlike physical abuse, psychological abuse often goes on without being noticed. Psychological

Endgame By Samuel Beckett Essay - 1144 Words

The mood and attitude of Samuel Beckett’s 1957 play, Endgame, are reflective of the year of its conception. The history that reflects directly on the play itself is worth sole attention. In that year, the world was a mixed rush of Cold War fear, existential reason, and race to accomplishment (Garraty 307). Countries either held a highlighted concern with present wartime/possibility of war, or involvement with the then sprouting movement of Existentialism. The then â€Å"absurdist theater† reflected the values and concerns of the modern society (Petty). The accomplishments of man, such as the Soviet launching of both Sputnik satellites, sparked international competition. 1957 was not a year of unification and worldly brotherhood, it was a time†¦show more content†¦In October, they successfully launched Sputnik I, the world’s first artificial satellite (Stiefel 157). As a follow up achievement, in November Sputnik II was launched, carrying a dog-named â₠¬Å"Laika† to study adaptation to space. A heavy news highlight, which could be seen as integrated meaning into the macabre situations of the characters in the play, was that Laika did not survive the â€Å"accomplishment† of space travel (Cold War). Soviet technological know-how introduced new international competition in space exploration and missile capability. The Soviet Premier, Nikita Khruschev, had emerged from the post-Stalin interregnum as the new leader, and was eager to fan the flames of American/Soviet relations. Although the missile that launched both Sputnik satellites was too primitive for military deployment, Kruschev claimed that â€Å"long-range missiles were rolling off the assembly line like sausages†, a lie that allowed US President Eisenhower’s opponents to perceive a â€Å"missile gap† (Garraty 329-332). Kruschev tried to gain control over the â€Å"gap† in a series of crises, but his motives proved faulty and in turn pr ovoked reactions in China, the United States, and Europe which hurt his own political support in the Soviet Union (Stiefel 160). Elsewhere in the world, other nations experienced tumultuous inter-relational struggles. In Arab countries, political andShow MoreRelatedEndgame by Samuel Beckett824 Words   |  4 Pages Beckett is the founder of exploring the meaning of theatrical absurdity. Beckett’s effortless writings over the years, created a unique dramatic persona in his plays that won him the Noble Peace prize. After receiving one of the highest awards known to humanity, he kept a low profile. This period alludes to the satisfaction of reaching his peak. Yet, in his later work, the Endgame makes a direct correlation with the satisfaction of making your peak a plateau. He creates a philosophical predicamentRead MoreSamuel Beckett s Waiting For Godot, Endgame, And Not I2331 Words   |  10 Pagesmeaning in a chaotic and uncaring world, and to the playwright Samuel Beckett it is no different. In the works Waiting for Godot, Endgame, and Not I, Samuel Beckett uses elements of nihilism, pessimism, and absurdity to find humor in day-to-day existence, as well as the relationships between the self and others. Before one can analyze Beckett’s work, one must first understand the meanings of nihilism, pessimism, and absurdity in regard to Beckett himself. Nihilism is a term often attributed to inactionRead MoreSamuel Beckett : Theatre Of The Absurd And Beckett s Use Of The Literary Concept1071 Words   |  5 PagesSamuel Beckett: Theatre of the Absurd and Beckett’s Use of the Literary Concept Samuel Beckett’s works revolve around human despair and surviving in hopeless situations. His very first critical essay was Finnegans Wake. Much of his work is inspired by French philosophers. One of the most influential philosophers on Beckett was Descartes. Samuel Beckett gained his claim to fame in the writing community when he introduced the concept of absurdity, nihilism, and human despair to find the meaning ofRead More Codependency in Samuel Becketts Endgame Essay1328 Words   |  6 PagesCodependency in Samuel Becketts Endgame Clov asks, What is there to keep us here? Hamm answers, The dialogue. In the play Endgame, Samuel Beckett demonstrates dramatically the idea of codependency between the two focal characters who rely on each other to fulfill their own physical and psychological needs. Beckett accomplishes this through Hamm, who assumes the identity of a kingly figure, and his relationship with Clov, who acts as his subject. In Endgame, this idea is establishedRead MoreSamuel Beckett s Waiting For Godot2241 Words   |  9 PagesMathilde - 1429631 17/02/2015 Literature Endgame, Samuel Beckett and Waiting for Godot, Samuel Beckett The vogue for Beckett started with the success of Waiting for Godot which was produced in Paris in 1953. It was his first play apart from one, Eleutheria, written in 1947 which was never published or performed. In 1946, Samuel Beckett wrote Mercier et Camier which according to Ronald Hayman in his critic essay entitled Contempory playrights Samuel Beckett show how the dialogue of the male coupleRead More Technology and Beckett’s Play, Krapp’s Last Tape1167 Words   |  5 Pagessont morts les prà ©sents puent sors tes yeux dà ©tourne-les sur les roseaux se taquinent-ils ou les aà ¯s pas la peine il y a le vent et l’à ©tat de veille†[1][1] -Samuel Beckett, Untitled As an avant-garde writer and a trend starter, Beckett was intensely in touch with his own time and its most significant realities, one of which being technological progress. In his play Krapp’s Last Tape, first performed in 1958, we meet yet another one of his spirituallyRead More Beckett, Brecht and Endgame Essay2233 Words   |  9 PagesBeckett, Brecht and Endgame      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Irish playwright Samuel Beckett is often classified amongst Absurdist Theatre contemporaries Jean-Paul Sartre, Albert Camus, Jean Genet, and Eugene Ionesco (Brockett 392-395). However, Endgame, Becketts second play, relates more closely to the theatrical ideology of German playwright Bertolt Brecht, father of epic theatre and the alienation effect. Through the use of formal stage conventions, theatrical terminology, and allusions to Shakespearean textsRead More Pitiful Human Condition Exposed in Endgame, Dumbwaiter, and The Horse Dealers Daughter1403 Words   |  6 PagesThe Pitiful Human Condition Exposed in Endgame, Dumbwaiter, and The Horse Dealers Daughter      Ã‚   The three stories, The Endgame (Beckett), The Dumbwaiter (Pinter), and The Horse Dealers Daughter (Lawrence) all deal with the themes of repression, repetition, and breakdowns in communication. The stories show us the subjectivity of language and exemplify the complexities of the human condition.    Samuel Beckett arrived on earth in Ireland on Good Friday, April 13, 1906. He thenRead MoreThe Portrayal Of The Theatre Of The Absurd Essay example1795 Words   |  8 Pagespoets, novelists, and playwrights have employed the powerful tools of language to broadcast their respective statement to the literate world. Many authors stand out for their overly romanticized or horribly pessimistic notations on life, but only Samuel Beckett stands out for his portrayal of absence. As Democritus, a Greek philosopher, noted, nothing is more real than nothing, a quote which became one of Becketts favorites and an inspiration for his masterful plays (Hughes 1). Becketts worksRead MoreViolation Of The Maxims Of Cooperative Principle7912 Words   |  32 Pages Chapter –I For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in English (Ph. D.) Research Topic Violation of the Maxims of Cooperative Principle in Samuel Beckett’s Selected Plays. Research Student Mr. Mundhe Ganesh Balavantrao Research Guide Dr. B. A. Jarange Place of Research Institute of Advanced Studies in English, Pune CONTENTS 1) Introduction 2) Rationale of the Study 3) Hypothesis 4) Review of the Research Work 5) Aims and Objectives of the Research Project 6) Data, Methodology and Techniques

Sun Yat

Sun Yat-Sen Essay Evaluate the importance of Sun Yixian’s (Sun Yat-sen’s) role in bringing about the 1911 Revolution in China. Sun Yat-sen’s role in the 1911 revolution against the Qing dynasty was an indirect one. Sun Yat-sen was exiled in the United States during the events of the Wuchang Uprising of October 10th, 1911, hearing about it through a newspaper publication in Denver, Colorado. Many Historians view Sun’s accession as the provisional President of the Republic of China, directly following the revolution, as due to his position as a â€Å"compromise candidate†(Bergere, Marie-Clare, Sun Yat-sen, 1994, p. 2). This interpretation holds Sun Yat-sen as a respected but unimportant figure in the revolution, serving as an ideal compromise between the revolutionaries and the conservative gentry. However, perspectives differ, Sun Yat-sen is credited for the funding of the revolutionary movement and for â€Å"keeping the spirit of revolution alive†(MacFarquhar , Roderick, Cambridge History of China: The People’s Republic, 1998, p. 261), despite a series of previous failed uprisings. His ability to be flexible in his ideology and merge the political beliefs of smaller revolutionary groups into a single larger party also provided a better power base for the officers and soldiers of the New Army at Wuchang. Sun Yat-sen’s role in the 1911 revolution was as an ideological leader rather than as a direct military opponent against the Qing dynasty. The view that Sun Yat-sen’s role in the revolution of 1911 was as a compromise candidate was defined by his wide sphere of influence and accessibility to all factions of early 20th century Chinese society. At age 13, Sun Yat-sen went to live with his expatriate brother Sun Mei, in Honolulu, Hawaii. In this period, Sun Yat-sen received an education from British Christian missionaries, instilling western principles and the political ideals of democracy and socialism into his perspective on China. After visiting China in 1883, Sun Yat-sen was appalled by what he perceived as a backward governmental system, criticising the exorbitant taxes and levies placed upon the impoverished Chinese people. 3] Sun Yat-sen’s egalitarian ideals were shaped by these experiences and these ideals were the basis for his appeal to the lower classes, the largest strata group within China at the time. Despite this influence with the lower classes, Sun Yat-sen did not ignore the gentry. Sun Yat-sen quit his medical education and aligned himself with reformists, Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao, seeking to transform China into a constitutional monarchy. His initial revolutionary action was to write a lengthy letter to Li Hongzhang, the governor general of Zhili and a reformer in the court, suggesting drastic political reform. His efforts were rebuffed. Sun Yat-sen had never been trained in the Confucian classics, thus the gentry did not full accept him within their circles. However, on the 29th of December when it came to electing a Provisional President for the newly established Republic of China, the representatives from the provinces ignored Sun Yat-sen’s lack of traditional education, perceiving him better equipped then his revolutionary rival, Huang Xing, who had a direct role in the Wuchang Uprising. Although Sun Yat-sen was in exile from China in October 1911, his ideological and financial contributions to the revolution are evident. In October 1894, after visiting China, Sun Yat-sen founded the Revive China Society to unveil his political and sociological ideologies. Sun Yat-sen based his idea of revolution on three principles: nationalism, democracy and socialism. The first of these held that Chinese government ought to be in the hands of the Chinese rather than a foreign imperial house. Government should be republican and democratically elected. Finally, disparities in land ownership are to be equalised among the people, wealth more evenly distributed, and the social effects of unbridled capitalism and government should mitigate commerce. The latter principle involved the nationalisation of land; Sun Yat-sen believed that land ownership allows too much power to accrue to the hands of landlords. In his nationalization theory, people would be deprived of the right to own land, but they could still retain other rights over the land by permission of the state. Sun Yat-sen’s revolutionary ideas extensively influenced formation of the New Army, responsible for the revolution of 1911. .u5cda8a150e0d5178583676544746b47a , .u5cda8a150e0d5178583676544746b47a .postImageUrl , .u5cda8a150e0d5178583676544746b47a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5cda8a150e0d5178583676544746b47a , .u5cda8a150e0d5178583676544746b47a:hover , .u5cda8a150e0d5178583676544746b47a:visited , .u5cda8a150e0d5178583676544746b47a:active { border:0!important; } .u5cda8a150e0d5178583676544746b47a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5cda8a150e0d5178583676544746b47a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5cda8a150e0d5178583676544746b47a:active , .u5cda8a150e0d5178583676544746b47a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5cda8a150e0d5178583676544746b47a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5cda8a150e0d5178583676544746b47a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5cda8a150e0d5178583676544746b47a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5cda8a150e0d5178583676544746b47a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5cda8a150e0d5178583676544746b47a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5cda8a150e0d5178583676544746b47a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5cda8a150e0d5178583676544746b47a .u5cda8a150e0d5178583676544746b47a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5cda8a150e0d5178583676544746b47a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Comforts of Home Notes EssayThrough his early revolutionary actions and a failed military coup in 1895, Sun Yat-sen was exiled for sixteen years, campaigning and raising monetary aid in Europe, the United States and in Japan. In Japan, Sun Yat-sen joined dissident Chinese groups, a pre-cursor to the Tongmenghui, becoming their leader and gaining a large amount of financial support from Japanese democratic revolutionary, Miyazaki Toten. Sun Yat-Sen smuggled this financial aid into China through his supporters, directly financing weapons and ammunitions, much of which was utilised in the revolution by the New Army. Sun Yat-sen’s ideology remained flexible; this had a homogenising effect on the revolutionary factions involved in the Wuchang rebellion and more widely, the Xinhai Revolution. Sun Yat-sen’s political ideologies reflected their intended audience as much as his personal convictions. He presented himself as a strident nationalist to the nationalists, as a socialist to the socialists and an anarchist to the anarchists, declaring in 1898, â€Å"the goal of the three principles of the people is to create socialism and anarchism†(Reynolds, Douglas R. China, 1895-1912: State Sponsored Reforms and Qing Revolution, London, 1995). This flexibility allowed his ideology and belief system to become popular in all factions of the nationalist movement, making, Sun Yat-sen a key figure. The consolidation of nationalist power through Sun Yat-sen’s doctrine, enabled the revolutionary force to become a single political and social movement. Although not directly involved in t he events of the Wuchang Uprising in 1911, Sun Yat-sen was an ideological leader for the revolutionaries responsible. His subsequent election as Provisional President of the Republic of China, was due to his position as a â€Å"compromise candidate†, more accessible to the Chinese gentry than his revolutionary rival, Huang Xing. Sun Yat-sen’s tireless efforts in gaining financial aid, internationally throughout his exile, directly impacted the 1911 Revolution, by providing military provisions to the rebel forces. His ability to homogenise the many factions of revolutionary thinking, present in late 19th century China, gave the revolutionaries greater political and military power then ever before, enabling the Wuchang rebellion to take place. Sun Yat-sen’s socio-political theology engaged with the Chinese people’s meta-narrative and sense of injustice, inspiring and influencing political change in an empire which, had been under the same governmental system for two thousand years. References: Wasserstrom, Jeffrey, Twentieth Century China: New Approaches, Routledge, New York, 2001 This literary source was fantastic as an overview of early twentieth century China. Although, not containing very specific information about Sun Yat-sen, it did provide a context and base of information for my essay. Reynolds, Douglas R. China, 1895-1912: State Sponsored Reforms and Qing Revolution, M. E Sharpe, London, 1995 This text provided a huge amount of information about Sun Yat-sen’s theology, even showing it’s flexibility. The text also contained a fantastic quote from Sun Yat-sen in 1898, further illustrating this. Gordon, David, Sun Yat-sen: Seeking a Newer China, Prentice Hall, London, 2008 This new publish ed source contained very specific information about Sun Yat-sen. The source was somewhat biographical rather than analytical in nature but provide me with much needed background information and supporting evidence. Bergere, Marie-Clare, Sun Yat-sen, Cooper , London, 1994 This is the most famous source on Sun Yat-sen and I was not the only person to have requested it at the National Library. This source contained a wealth of information, not only about Sun Yat-sen’s life but also critically analysing his ideologies. MacFarquhar, Roderick, Cambridge History of China: The People’s Republic, 1998 This was a rather intimidating source, coming in many volumes. It provides a significant amount of information about Sun Yat-sen’s dealings in Japan during his exile. This was useful in supporting my point about his fundraising efforts. - Wasserstrom, Jeffrey, Twentieth Century China: New Approaches, Routledge, New York, 2001, p. 194 Bergere, Marie-Clare, Sun Yat-sen, Cooper , London, 1994, p. 23 Reynolds, Douglas R. , China, 1895-1912: State Sponsored Reforms and Qing Revolution, M. E Sharpe, London, 1995, p. 62 Gordon, David, Sun Yat-sen: Seeking a Newer China, Prentice Hall, Lon don, 2008, p. 174 Bergere, Marie-Clare, Sun Yat-sen, Cooper , London, 1994, p. 23 MacFarquhar, Roderick, Cambridge History of China: The People’s Republic, 1998, p. 112